Table 4.

Stress hormone alteration (narrative synthesis)

#	Study, year	Cortisol	Aldosterone	ACTH	Renin
3	Pereira Santos, 2013 [10]	Unclear findings on anxiety: only first period data were available but were not compared	NA	NA	NA
5	Esen, 2005 [17]	NA	No statistically significant difference between remifentanil vs. placebo	No statistically significant difference between remifentanil vs. placebo	Higher preoperative to intraoperative increase and intraoperative to postoperative decrease in remifentanil vs. placebo
8	Jerjes, 2005 [19]	Lower levels with midazolam vs. placebo at preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative	NA	NA	NA

ACTH Adrenocorticotropic hormone, NA Not available