Table 2.
Influence of reduced HRQOL per individual symptoms and symptom combinations
| Symptom | n (%)a | Physical HRQOL | Mental HRQOL | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B coefficientb (95% CI) | P-value | B coefficientb (95% CI) | P-value | ||
| Individual symptom | |||||
| Fatigue (yes) | 591 (53.7) | −2.12 (− 2.76, −1.47) | < 0.001 | − 2.95 (−3.72, − 2.19) | < 0.001 |
| Pain (yes) | 272 (24.7) | −5.63 (− 6.35, − 4.91) | < 0.001 | − 2.86 (− 3.79, − 1.92) | < 0.001 |
| Digestive problems (yes) | 202 (18.4) | − 2.02 (− 2.87, − 1.17) | < 0.001 | −4.18 (− 5.17, − 3.18) | < 0.001 |
| Sleep disturbances (yes) | 179 (16.3) | −2.35 (− 3.24, − 1.46) | < 0.001 | − 4.43 (− 5.39, − 3.29) | < 0.001 |
| Combinations of symptomsc | |||||
| None | 424 (38.5) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Fatigue only | 273 (24.8) | −0.61 (− 1.35, 0.14) | 0.109 | −1.85 (−2.77, − 0.93) | < 0.001 |
| Pain only | 31 (2.8) | −5.96 (− 7.77, − 4.16) | < 0.001 | −1.27 (− 3.50, 0.97) | 0.266 |
| Fatigue + pain | 90 (8.2) | −6.09 (−7.21, −4.97) | < 0.001 | − 2.97 (− 4.35, − 1.58) | < 0.001 |
| Fatigue + digestive problems | 38 (3.5) | −0.98 (− 2.59, 0.63) | 0.231 | − 4.16 (− 6.14, − 2.17) | < 0.001 |
| Fatigue + sleep disturbances | 35 (3.2) | −0.73 (− 2.43, 0.94) | 0.389 | −3.34 (− 5.43, − 1.24) | 0.002 |
| Fatigue + pain + digestive problems | 35 (3.2) | −4.23 (− 5.94, − 2.51) | < 0.001 | − 4.43 (− 6.74, − 2.50) | < 0.001 |
| Fatigue + pain + sleep disturbances | 29 (2.6) | −6.16 (− 8.00, − 4.33) | < 0.001 | − 4.51 (− 6.78, − 2.25) | < 0.001 |
| All four symptoms | 72 (6.5) | −6.88 (−8.18, − 5.58) | < 0.001 | −7.63 (− 9.24, − 6.02) | < 0.001 |
HRQOL health-related quality of life, CI confidence interval. aPercentage (%) is the number (n) divided by 1100 (total N). bUnstandardized B coefficient. cSeven patterns out of 16 symptom patterns were excluded from the analysis (n = 73). Linear regression model for physical and mental HRQOL after adjusting for sex, age, region, occupation, income, education, marital status, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and disease history