Table 1.

Clinical characteristics of neck or shoulder pain cases and controls in the UK Biobank

	UK Biobank
Covariates	Cases	Controls	P
Sex (male:female)	28 093 (52.0%): 25901 (48.0%)	71 480 (47.9%): 77832 (52.1%)	<0.001
Age (years)	57.7 (7.82)	56.9 (7.97)	<0.001
BMI (kg/m2)	27.8 (4.85)	26.7 (4.30)	<0.001

BMI: body mass index

A chi-square test was used to test the difference of gender frequency between cases and controls, and an independent t test was used for other covariates.

Continuous covariates were presented as mean (standard deviation).