Extended Data Fig. 2.

a-c, In vitro uptake studies show that SWNTs are preferentially taken up by human and mouse macrophages after 3hr incubation. Uptake studies are shown in human macrophages (PMA-differentiated THP-1 cells), human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs), and human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMCs) (a-b, n = 3), as well as murine macrophages (RAW264.7), endothelial cells (C166), and primary aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) (c, n = minimum 3 per cell type). ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 by one-way ANOVA with a Tukey post-hoc test. d, SWNTs are taken up by ~100% of basal (M0) and IL-4-polarized (M2) RAW264.7 macrophages, and ~85% of macrophages skewed towards the M1 state with LPS and IFN-γ (n = 3). ****p < 0.0001 by one-way ANOVA with a Tukey post-hoc test. e, The phagocytosis efficiency of macrophages (CellTracker Red⁺) against apoptotic vascular cells (CellTracker Orange⁺) is enhanced by SWNT-SHP1i nanoparticles, relative to SWNTs, SWNT-Cy5.5 and SHP1i controls (n = 5). *p < 0.05 by unpaired two-tailed t-test. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 by one-way ANOVA with a Tukey post-hoc test. f, Representative flow cytometry plots and staining controls for the conditions of the in vitro phagocytosis assays. Double-positive cells in the right upper quadrant represent macrophages that have ingested a target apoptotic cell. g, SWNT-SHP1i treatment does not alter the rates of programmed cell death of RAW264.7 macrophages in vitro, as shown by the lack of a difference in TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase [TdT] dUTP nick-end labeling) staining (n = 2). h, MTT assays show that SWNT-SHP1i has no effect on the proliferation rates of RAW264.7 macrophages in the presence of 10% serum (n = 3). i, Cell viability assays indicate that SWNTs do not affect the viability of RAW264.7 cells, suggesting the absence of a toxic effect on macrophages (n = 3). PBS served as control. Data in f are representative of 5 independent experiments. For all graphs, data are expressed as the mean and s.e.m.