Table 3.
Impact of COX-2 variants on malaria and SMA at enrollment
| Variants | Malaria | SMA | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Events | OR | 95% CI | P value | Events | OR | 95% CI | P value | |
| −512 | ||||||||
| CC | n = 704 | REF | – | – | n = 126 | REF | – | – |
| CT | n = 97 | 0.648 | 0.419–1.000 | 0.050 | n = 21 | 1.368 | 0.771–2.247 | 0.284 |
| TT | n = 19 | 2.427 | 0.497–11.859 | 0.273 | n = 3 | 1.106 | 0.287–4.265 | 0.883 |
| −608 | ||||||||
| TT | n = 562 | REF | – | – | n = 105 | REF | – | – |
| TC | n = 218 | 1.155 | 0.790–1.689 | 0.456 | n = 39 | 1.141 | 0.720–1.809 | 0.574 |
| CC | n = 40 | 0.644 | 0.326–1.275 | 0.207 | n = 6 | 0.904 | 0.324–2.522 | 0.848 |
| −765 | ||||||||
| GG | n = 362 | REF | – | – | n = 65 | REF | – | – |
| GC | n = 347 | 1.076 | 0.759–1.528 | 0.681 | n = 72 | 0.859 | 0.562–1.313 | 0.483 |
| CC | n = 111 | 0.966 | 0.595–1.569 | 0.890 | n = 13 | 1.805 | 0.902–3.610 | 0.095 |
| −1195 | ||||||||
| AA | n = 730 | REF | – | – | n = 135 | REF | – | – |
| AG | n = 74 | 0.753 | 0.230–2.463 | 0.638 | n = 11 | 0.851 | 0.422–1.716 | 0.652 |
| GG | n = 12 | 0.672 | 0.184–2.453 | 0.547 | n = 0 | – | – | |
| Haplotypes | ||||||||
| CTGA | n = 529 | 1.167 | 0.840–1.623 | 0.358 | n = 107 | 1.533 | 0.998–2.354 | 0.051 |
| CCGA | n = 238 | 1.022 | 0.716 – 1.458 | 0.906 | n = 44 | 1.021 | 0.655–1.590 | 0.927 |
| CTCA | n = 367 | 0.980 | 0.709 – 1.355 | 0.903 | n = 64 | 0.827 | 0.554–1.234 | 0.352 |
| CTCG | n = 8 | 2.474 | 0.307 –19.936 | 0.395 | n = 0 | – | – | – |
| TTCA | n = 96 | 1.254 | 0.796 –1.974 | 0.329 | n = 23 | 1.486 | 0.850–2.597 | 0.164 |
| TTGG | n = 4 | 1.611 | 0.127 –20.406 | 0.713 | n = 2 | 5.780 | 0.735–45.457 | 0.095 |
| CCCA | n = 24 | 0.882 | 0.342 –2.275 | 0.795 | n = 2 | 0.479 | 0.107–2.142 | 0.335 |
| TTGA | n = 15 | 0.796 | 0.252 –2.513 | 0.697 | n = 2 | 0.956 | 0.198–4.618 | 0.955 |
| CTGG | n = 69 | 0.949 | 0.548 –1.641 | 0.850 | n = 9 | 0.701 | 0.330–1.491 | 0.356 |
| TCGA | n = 2 | 0.146 | 0.013 –1.691 | 0.124 | n = 0 | – | – | – |
| CCGG | n = 5 | 1.348 | 0.154 –11.820 | 0.787 | n = 0 | – | – | – |
| TTCG | n = 5 | 1.611 | 0.127 –20.406 | 0.713 | n = 0 | – | – | – |
Data are presented as odds (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) determined using binary logistic regression with the following covariates in the models: age at enrollment, sex, HIV-1 and bacteremia (presence/absence), and sickle cell trait, α+-thalassemia, and G6PD status. Children (n = 1081) were categorized into either malaria negative (n = 261; aparasitemic) or positive (n = 820; parasitemic) for determining susceptibility to malaria, and into either non-SMA (n = 670; Hb ≥ 5.0 g/dL) or SMA (n = 150; Hb < 5.0 g/dL) for determining susceptibility to SMA. Homozygous wild-type genotypes and non-carriers of haplotypes were used as references in the analyses. Bold indicates a P value ≤ 0.050