Table 2.
Comparisons of change scores from baseline to 2 months between controls and the two experimental groups.
| Variables | WLC |
Face-to-face CBT |
Difference with controls in change from baseline, adjusted for baseline value |
Blended CBT |
Difference with controls in change from baseline, adjusted for baseline value |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (95%CI) | Mean (95%CI) | Mean (95%CI) | p-value | Mean (95%CI) | Mean (95%CI) | p-value | |
| STAI | |||||||
| Baseline | 54.7 (51.8 to 57.5) | 55.2 (52.1 to 58.2) | 57.9 (55.3 to 60.4) | ||||
| 2 months | 54.2 (51.3 to 57.1) | 43.5 (39.4 to 47.7) | 42.0 (38.5 to 45.5) | ||||
| Change | −0.5 (−2.9 to 1.9) | −11.7 (−16.0 to −7.4) | −11.0 (−15.5 to −6.5) | <0.001 | −15.8 (−19.1 to −12.6) | −14.1 (−18.6 to −9.7) | <0.001 |
| Anxiety HAD | |||||||
| Baseline | 12.6 (11.9 to 13.3) | 13.3 (12.5 to 14.2) | 14.1 (13.2 to 14.9) | ||||
| 2 months | 12.5 (11.4 to 13.5) | 9.1 (8.0 to 10.2) | 8.6 (7.7 to 9.5) | ||||
| Change | −0.1 (−0.9 to 0.7) | −4.1 (−5.1 to −3.1) | −3.8 (−5.0 to −2.6) | <0.001 | −5.4 (−6.4 to −4.4) | −4.9 (−6.1 to −3.7) | <0.001 |
| Depression HAD | |||||||
| Baseline | 5.6 (4.8 to 6.4) | 5.9 (5.1 to 6.7) | 6.3 (5.5 to 7.0) | ||||
| 2 months | 5.9 (4.9 to 6.8) | 5.2 (3.9 to 6.5) | 3.4 (2.5 to 4.3) | ||||
| Change | 0.3 (−0.6 to 1.2) | −0.7 (−1.9 to 0.5) | −0.8 (−2.1 to 0.5) | 0.41 | −2.9 (−3.7 to −2.1) | −2.8 (−4.2 to −1.6) | <0.001 |
| Score PSS | |||||||
| Baseline | 47.0 (44.8 to 49.1) | 47.7 (45.7 to 49.7) | 47.9 (45.5 to 50.2) | ||||
| 2 months | 46.1 (44.2 to 48.1) | 39.4 (36.5 to 42.4) | 38.2 (35.9 to 40.4) | ||||
| Change | −0.8 (−2.7 to 1.0) | −8.3 (−11.0 to −5.5) | −7.0 (−10.0 to −4.0) | <0.001 | −9.7 (−12.2 to −7.2) | −8.4 (−11.4 to −5.4) | <0.001 |
| Score PSWQ | |||||||
| Baseline | 47.0 (44.9 to 49.0) | 47.4 (45.5 to 49.4) | 48.4 (46.8 to 50.0) | ||||
| 2 months | 46.2 (44.5 to 47.9) | 43.4 (41.1 to 45.7) | 42.3 (40.5 to 44.0) | ||||
| Change | −0.8 (−2.8 to 1.2) | −4.0 (−6.2 to −1.9) | −3.0 (−5.5 to −0.5) | 0.034 | −6.1 (−7.9 to −4.4) | −4.7 (−7.1 to −2.2) | <0.001 |
| Score BDI | |||||||
| Baseline | 7.8 (6.4 to 9.1) | 8.9 (7.3 to 10.4) | 9.4 (7.6 to 11.1) | ||||
| 2 months | 7.5 (6.1 to 8.8) | 6.1 (4.5 to 7.6) | 6.1 (4.6 to 7.6) | ||||
| Change | −0.3 (−1.5 to 0.9) | −2.8 (−4.5 to −1.2) | −2.0 (−3.7 to −0.4) | 0.032 | −3.2 (−4.5 to −2.0) | −2.3 (−4.0 to −0.6) | 0.014 |
| VAS-stress | |||||||
| Baseline | 71.7 (66.8 to 76.5) | 73.8 (69.0 to 78.6) | 75.1 (71.4 to 78.8) | ||||
| 2 months | 66.9 (62.1 to 71.7) | 38.5 (30.6 to 46.5) | 34.9 (28.9 to 40.8) | ||||
| Change | −4.8 (−9.9 to 0.3) | −35.2 (−43.1 to −27.4) | −29.1 (−37.9 to −20.4) | <0.001 | −40.3 (−46.7 to −33.8) | −34.0 (−42.4 to −25.6) | <0.001 |
Note. 95%CI: 95% Confidence Interval. Values are reported after handling missing values by multiple imputations. Bonferroni correction was applied for all comparisons. STAI: State Trait Anxiety Inventory; Anxiety HAD: Hospital Anxiety Depression scale - Anxiety subscale; Depression HAD: Hospital Anxiety Depression scale – Depression subscale; PSS: Perceived Stress Scale; PSWQ: Pen State Worry Questionnaire; BDI: Beck Depression Inventory; VAS-stress: Visual Analog Scale – stress.