Table 2.
Frequency of venous thromboembolic complications in COVID-19 patients.
| Study | Proportiona | Cumulative incidence | Median follow-up | Comments | DVT prophylaxis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leonard-Lorant et al. [43] | PE only 32/106 (30%) |
NR | NR | D-dimer cutoff of 2660 μg/L had 100% sensitivity for PE. 24/32 (75%) PE positive patients were in ICU. |
Anticoagulant not specified. In PE positive group, 25/32 (78%) were on prophylactic doses and 2/32 (6%) were on therapeutic doses. |
| Grillet et al. [44] | PE only 23/100 (23%) |
NR | NR | Ward: 6/61 (9.8%) ICU: 17/39 (43.6%) |
NR |
| Poissy et al. [33] | PE only 22/107 (20.6%) |
20.4% Calculated at ICU day 15 |
6 days | ICU only | 20 out of the 22 PE patients were on prophylactic LMWH or UFH, but exact agents not specified. |
| Klok et al. [34,35] | 68/184 (37%) |
57%, or 49% adjusted for competing risk of death | 14 days | ICU patients only. 19 PE were limited to subsegmental arteries. 65/68 venous events were PE (95.6%). |
Varied by centre. Nadroparin at doses of 2850 IU OD, 5700 IU OD, or 5700 IU BID were used (see full text). |
| Middeldorp et al. [36,37] | 33/198 (17%) |
15% at 7 days 34% at 14 days |
5 days | Ward: 4/123 (3.3%) ICU: 35/75 (47%) 11 (5.4%) clots detected on screening 11/33 events were PE (33%) |
ICU patients from April 3rd onwards received nadroparin 2850 IU BID if weight < 100 kg, and 5700 IU BID if weight > 100 kg. Ward patients had half this dose. |
| Helms et al. [38] | 27/150 (18%) |
NR | NR | ICU patients with ARDS 25/27 events were PE (92.5%) |
LMWH (exact agent not specified) 4000 Units per day or UFH 5–8 U/kg/h |
| Llitjos et al. [40] | DVT: 18/26 (69%) PE: 6/26 (23%) |
NR | NR | ICU patients. Systematic ultrasound screening. | LMWH and UFH were used (exact agents not specified) Prophylactic dose in 8/26 (31%) Therapeutic dose in 18/26 (69%) |
| Lodigiani et al. [25] | 16/362 (4.4%) |
21% (time not reported) | 10 days | ICU 4/48(8.3%) Ward 12/314 (3.8%) |
100% of ICU patients 75% of ward patients Exact regimen not specified |
| Thomas et al. [42] | 6/63 (9%) |
27% | 8 days | ICU patients | All patients assessed for use of prophylaxis with weight-adjusted Dalteparin. Exact number of patients receiving prophylaxis not mentioned. |
| Cui et al. [41] | 20/81 (25%) |
NR | NR | ICU patients | None |
| Cattaneo et al. [45] | DVT only 0/388 (0%) |
NR | NR | Non-ICU Ward 64 patients had screening ultrasound. All Negative. |
Enoxaparin 40 mg daily |
NR, not reported, DVT, deep vein thrombosis; PE, pulmonary embolism; ICU, intensive care unit; LMWH low molecular weight heparin; UFH, unfractionated heparin.
a
Proportions reflect number of patients, not individual thrombotic events.