Table 1.
Characteristics of study population and rates of preventive visits.
| % of total person-years | Preventive visit rates | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All years* (2007–2016) | Pre-AWV (2007–2010) | Post AWV (2011–2016) | Pre-post difference** | ||
| N = 456,281 | 456,281 | 147,835 | 308,446 | ||
| Overall | 32% | 19% | 38% | 19% | |
| Age | |||||
| 65–69 | 26.6% | 38% | 26% | 42% | 15% |
| 70–74 | 25.4% | 35% | 21% | 41% | 20% |
| 75–79 | 20.1% | 32% | 21% | 38% | 17% |
| 80–85 | 27.9% | 23% | 13% | 31% | 18% |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 40.2% | 33% | 20% | 39% | 19% |
| Female | 59.8% | 31% | 19% | 37% | 19% |
| CCI, no age | |||||
| 0 | 53.2% | 36% | 23% | 43% | 20% |
| 1 | 24.3% | 29% | 15% | 35% | 20% |
| 2 + | 22.5% | 27% | 14% | 31% | 17% |
| Visit frequency | |||||
| 0 | 19.0% | 54.3% | 38.6% | 59.7% | 21.1% |
| 1 | 25.7% | 32.3% | 20.8% | 36.9% | 16.1% |
| 2 | 18.2% | 28.9% | 17.5% | 34.2% | 16.7% |
| 3 | 12.6% | 25.8% | 15.7% | 31.3% | 15.6% |
| 4+ | 24.6% | 19.7% | 11.4% | 25.4% | 14.0% |
| Insurance type | |||||
| Medicare FFS | 80.7% | 29% | 13% | 35% | 22% |
| Medicare HMO | 19.3% | 46% | 36% | 54% | 17% |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 64.4% | 34% | 22% | 39% | 17% |
| African-American/Black | 13.6% | 30% | 21% | 34% | 13% |
| Hispanic/Latino | 5.6% | 28% | 17% | 32% | 15% |
| Asian | 13.8% | 35% | 21% | 41% | 20% |
| Other/refused/unknown | 14.9% | 24% | 12% | 34% | 22% |
Abbreviations: AWV: CCI: Charlson Comorbidity Index, Annual Wellness Visit, FFS: Fee-for-Services, HMO: Health Maintenance Organization.
*
The differences among subgroups (each based on age, sex, CCI, insurance, and race/ethnicity) were statistically significant at p < 0.001.
**
All pre-post differences were statistically significant at p < 0.001.