Table 3.
Bivariate and Multivariate Associations of Individual/household and Area-based SES Indicators with 12-Month DSM-IV Mood, Anxiety, Alcohol Use, and Drug Use Disorders (N=13,775)
| Mood Disorders | Anxiety Disorders | Alcohol Abuse/ Dependence Disorders | Drug Abuse/Dependence Disorders | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model a | Model b | Model a | Model b | Model a | Model b | Model a | Model b | |
| Indicator | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||
| Asian vs. White | 0.61 (0.44,0.86)* | 0.58(0.41,0.82) * | 0.46 (0.36,0.61)*** | 0.45(0.34,0.6)*** | 0.45(0.23,0.89)* | 0.48(0.24,0.97)* | 0.63 (0.26,1.56) | 0.73(0.28,1.86) |
| Latino vs White | 1.05 (0.82,1.33) | 0.78(0.59,1.02) | 0.84 (0.67,1.05) | 0.63(0.49,0.8)** | 0.82(0.51,1.31) | 0.65(0.41,1.03) | 0.64 (0.34,1.20) | 0.50(0.26,0.95)* |
| Black vs White | 0.63 (0.51,0.78)*** | 0.46(0.37,0.56)*** | 0.71 (0.59,0.84)*** | 0.53(0.44,0.64)*** | 0.74(0.52,1.04) | 0.61(0.43,0.87)* | 0.92 (0.59,1.43) | 0.84(0.54,1.32) |
| F3, p | F3,137 = 10.23, <0.0001 | F3,675986=20.26, <0.0001 | F3,137 = 15.86, <0.0001 | F3,625281.22=23.24,<0.0001 | F3,137=2.32, 0.0781 | F3,3121587.49=3.43,0.0162 | F3,137=0.93, 0.4303 | F3,1998674.95=1.52,0.2058 |
| F2, p, | F2,138 = 9.81, 0.0001 | F2,446455=6.17, 0.0021 | F2,138 = 12.85, <0.0001 | F ,449464.35=3.66, 0.0256 | F2,138=1.49, 0.2292 | F2,2102020.32=0.37,0.6893 | F2,138=0.94, 0.3927 | F2,1300070.76=1.23,0.2935 |
| Education | ||||||||
| <HS vs College+ | 1.89(1.45,2.46)*** | 1.17(0.87,1.56) | 1.88(1.53,2.32)*** | 1.2(0.99,1.46) | 2.08(1.23,3.5)* | 2.39(1.33,4.31)* | 2.72(1.4,5.31)* | 2.17(1.05,4.48)* |
| HS vs College + | 1.14(0.89,1.46 | 0.87(0.66,1.15) | 1.21(0.97,1.5) | 0.93(0.77,1.12) | 1.54(1.03,2.31)* | 1.76(1.10,2.81)* | 1.82(0.94,3.51) | 1.51(0.78,2.93) |
| Some college vs College+ | 1.13(0.88,1.45 | 0.92(0.73,1.17) | 1.18(0.93,1.49 | 0.98(0.79,1.20) | 1.41(1.01,1.98)* | 1.52(1.06,2.19)* | 1.07(0.6,1.90) | 0.95(0.53,1.70) |
| F3, p | F3,1019918975.7=10.45, <0.0001 | F3,997804=2.27, 0.0786 | F3,5818773.67=18.29,0 | F3,360635.76=3.1, 0.0257 | F3,5096917537.9=2.88,0.0344 | F3,2577703.12=3.08,0.0264 | F3,163143502.1=3.61,0.0127 | F3,1408098.47=2.06,0.1036 |
| F2, p | F2,424362718.81=13.15, <0.0001 | F2,597033=3.09, 0.0454 | F2,2437572.7=18.57,<0.0001 | F2,239119.26=4.6, 0.0101 | F2,7000592497.9=1.29,0.2745 | F2,2200326.2=1.67,0.1886 | F2,47502607.67=4.11,0.0164 | F2,2409577.11=2.79,0.0615 |
| Household Income | ||||||||
| Poor (< 100% FPL) vs. High income | 2.24(1.69,2.99)*** | 1.61(1.14,2.26)* | 2.26(1.74,2.93)*** | 1.65(1.22,2.23)* | 1.17(0.75,1.81) | 0.97(0.6,1.59 | 1.52(0.8,2.88) | 1.13(0.59,2.19) |
| Near Poor (100–199% FPL) vs. High income | 1.61(1.21,2.13)* | 1.22(0.90,1.65) | 1.51(1.22,1.88)** | 1.16(0.92,1.47) | 1.27(0.87,1.85) | 1.05(0.71,1.53 | 1.22(0.55,2.73) | 0.90(0.40,2.02) |
| Middle Income (200–399% FPL) vs. High income | 1.36(1.04,1.78)* | 1.19(0.88,1.6) | 1.33(1.11,1.58)* | 1.16(0.96,1.4) | 0.93(0.61,1.43) | 0.85(0.55,1.31 | 1.11(0.57,2.18) | 0.92(0.47,1.78) |
| F3, p | F3,1763.53=10.71, <0.0001 | F3,221.8=2.33, 0.0730 | F3,3695.75=11.88,<0.0001 | F3,2641.65=3.75, 0.0106 | F3,1787.81=0.74, 0.5295 | F3,1446.81=0.27, 0.8448 | F3,1408.5=0.58, 0.6250 | F3,1256.08=0.15,0.9274 |
| F2, p | F2,879.48=6.36, 0.0018 | F2,577.74=1.97, 0.1399 | F2,1718.73=10.79,<0.0001 | F2,1176.15=4.58, 0.0104 | F2,1069.26=0.77, 0.4615 | F2,875.04=0.39, 0.6804 | F2,616.63=0.41, 0.6653 | F2,604.13=0.22, 0.8016 |
| Community SSS | 0.78 (0.75,0.82)*** | 0.87 (0.82,0.92)*** | 0.79 (0.77,0.83)*** | 0.86 (0.81,0.92)*** | 0.84 (0.77,0.91)*** | 0.85(0.75,0.95)* | 0.79 (0.69,0.91)* | 0.81 (0.68,0.97)* |
| National SSS | 0.77 (0.74,0.81)*** | 0.87 (0.81,0.93)** | 0.79 (0.76,0.83)*** | 0.90 (0.83,0.97)* | 0.89 (0.83,0.95)** | 1.03(0.93,1.14) | 0.82 (0.72,0.93)* | 0.98 (0.83,1.16) |
| F3, p | F2,19973=40.97, <0.0001 | F2,81362.47=62.45, <0.0001 | F2,69109.11=5.65, 0.0035 | F2,19598.81=4.8,0.0082 | ||||
| F2, p | F1,66098=0.00, 0.9875 | F1,902021.75=0.4, 0.5261 | F1,334498.89=3.87, 0.0492 | F1,104571.84=1.47,0.2254 | ||||
| Residential Instability | 1.12 (1.01,1.25)* | 1.17 (1.08,1.27)** | 1.07 (0.98,1.16) | 1.10 (1.03,1.18)* | 1.09 (0.95,1.24) | 1.16 (1.01,1.33)* | 0.89 (0.73,1.09) | 0.94 (0.77,1.15) |
| Tract Level Gini Coefficient | 1.13 (1.06,1.2)** | 1.07 (1.00,1.14)* | 1.12 (1.06,1.18)** | 1.08 (1.01,1.15)* | 1.06 (0.89,1.26) | 1.03 (0.86,1.23) | 1.00 (0.84,1.19) | 1.00 (0.84,1.20) |
Note:
OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; SSS: Subjective Social Status; FPL: federal poverty line
Model a controlled for disorder type, age, sex, nativity
Model b controlled for disorder type, age, sex, nativity, race, education, income/poverty line, community SSS, national SSS, residential instability, and tract-level Gini Coefficient
The F-test is against the null hypothesis that the coefficients under consideration are identical between groups/models.
For example, an F test with 3 numerator degrees of freedom assesses whether the coefficients of less than high school education, high school education, and some college education differ from the reference of college and above education; an F test with 2 numerator degrees of freedom assesses whether the associations between the outcome and the 3 non-reference education categories differ significantly.
p ≦ .01
p ≦ .001
p ≦ .0001