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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Dent. 2019 Dec 30;93:103269. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2019.103269

Table 5.

Independent associations with increase in number of cracks and changes in symptoms from multivariable models.

Individual1 Full model3 Reduced model4
Outcome of interest Odds Ratio P2 Odds Ratio P Odds Ratio 95% Confidence Interval P
With increase in # external cracks
Race-ethnicity (categorical) X5 0.052 x 0.15 Removed6
Education AD or higher 1.96 0.02 1.60 0.018 1.63 1.03 – 2.58 0.019
Region (categorical) x 0.087 x 0.042 x 0.04
Crack >= 2 surfaces 1.55 0.053 2.04 0.038 2.01 1.01 – 4.00 0.03
With increase in symptoms
Female 1.26 0.086 1.24 0.12 removed
Has crack that extends to root 1.50 0.063 1.49 0.064 removed
Has crack … mesial surface 1.42 0.02 1.14 0.024 1.42 1.07 – 1.89 0.02
With decrease in symptoms
Female 1.40 0.002 1.35 0.008 1.36 1.09 – 1.68 0.006
Age (per 10 years) 0.91 0.038 0.97 0.48 removed
Clench/grind teeth 1.42 0.004 1.32 0.02 1.34 1.05 – 1.69 0.018
Molar 1.84 <0.001 1.60 0.004 1.66 1.18 -- 2.35 0.002
2 or more external cracks 1.48 0.001 1.26 0.10 removed
Has crack … stains 0.78 0.075 0.65 0.004 0.67 0.52 – 0.87 0.006
Has crack … distal surface 1.41 0.005 1.30 0.042 1.39 1.10 – 1.75 0.006
Has crack … facial surface 1.38 0.008 1.24 0.11 1.36 1.09 – 1.69 0.010
1

Adjusted only for clustering of patients within practice.

2

P-value adjusted only for clustering of patients within practice; all characteristics with p<0.10 are listed.

3

Model with all characteristics that had p<0.10 when adjusted only for clustering of patients within practice.

4

Backwards elimination of full model until all characteristics had p<0.05.

5

x:Odds ratios for specific values/comparisons of categorical variables are not presented.

6

P-value >0.05, removed from model.