Table 5.

Echocardiographic protocols for a cat suspected of having cardiomyopathy according to level (basic to advanced)

Level of scan	Measurements	Qualitative assessment
Focused point‐of‐care		Note presence of: Pleural, pericardial effusions Left atrial size & motion Pulmonary B‐lines LV systolic function
Standard of care	M‐mode IVSd, LVFWd LVIDd, LVIDs, LV FS% LA FS% 2D IVSd, LVFWd LVIDd, LVIDs LA/Ao LA diameter from RP long axis view	Note presence of: Papillary muscle hypertrophy End‐systolic LV cavity obliteration Papillary muscle/mitral leaflet abnormalities SAM or mid LV obstruction Dynamic RVOTO Abnormal cardiac chamber geometry Presence of spontaneous echo‐contrast or thrombus Regional wall motion abnormalities
Best practice	M‐mode and 2D as for standard of care, with the following additional measurements: Spectral Doppler Mitral inflow velocities Isovolumic relaxation time LVOT velocities RVOT velocities PVF velocities LAA blood flow velocities Tissue Doppler imaging Lateral and septal mitral annular velocities (pulsed wave Doppler mode).	Qualitative assessment as for standard of care

Note: “Focused point‐of‐care” scan: an abbreviated echocardiographic examination conducted because of patient instability, because the operator has limited training in echocardiography, or both; “standard of care” scan: an echocardiographic examination that includes the content considered to be standard by a trained, competent observer; “best practice” scan: an echocardiographic examination conducted by a cardiologist with particular expertise in echocardiography. IVSd: end‐diastolic interventricular septal thickness, LA: left atrial, LA FS%: left atrial fractional shortening, LA/Ao: left atrial to aortic ratio at end‐diastole and end‐systole, or both, LAA: left atrial appendage, LV: left ventricular, LV FS%: left ventricular fractional shortening, LVFWd: end‐diastolic left ventricular free wall thickness, LVIDd: left ventricular internal dimension at end‐diastole, LVIDs: left ventricular internal dimension at end‐systole, LVOT: left ventricular outflow tract, PVF: pulmonary venous flow, RP: right parasternal, RVOT: right ventricular outflow tract, SAM: systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve.