. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 May 28.

Published in final edited form as: Medicine (Abingdon). 2019 Apr 3;47(5):275–285. doi: 10.1016/j.mpmed.2019.02.005

Table 1. Risk factors for BO and their association.

Factor	Relative strength of association
History of reflux symptoms	+++
Male sex	++
Obesity	++
White race	++
Age	++
Family history	+
Smoking	+
Alcohol	−
Helicobacter pylori infection	Inverse