Table 1.
Unweighted ANA counts, sample sizes, and category percentages for selected characteristics by time period.
| Period 1: 1988-1991 |
Period 2: 1999-2004 |
Period 3: 2011-2012 |
Combined |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of Participants: | No. of Participants: | No. of Participants: | No. of Participants: | |||||
| Characteristic a | ANA+ | Total (%) | ANA+ | Total (%) | ANA+ | Total (%) | ANA+ | Total (%) |
| Overall | 643 | 4,727 (100) | 580 | 4,749 (100) | 753 | 4,735 (100) | 1,976 | 14,211 (100) |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 216 | 2,363 (50.0) | 169 | 2,282 (48.1) | 265 | 2,338 (49.4) | 650 | 6,983 (49.1) |
| Female | 427 | 2,364 (50.0) | 411 | 2,467 (52.0) | 488 | 2,397 (50.6) | 1,326 | 7,228 (50.9) |
| Age (years) | ||||||||
| Adolescent (12-19) | 45 | 676 (14.3) | 114 | 1,190 (25.1) | 102 | 843 (17.8) | 261 | 2,709 (19.1) |
| Younger Adult (20-49) | 248 | 2,218 (46.9) | 188 | 1,905 (40.1) | 275 | 2,080 (43.9) | 711 | 6,203 (43.7) |
| Older Adult ( ≥ 50 ) | 350 | 1,833 (38.8) | 278 | 1,654 (34.8) | 376 | 1,812 (38.3) | 1,004 | 5,299 (37.3) |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 252 | 2,060 (43.6) | 248 | 2,115 (44.5) | 269 | 1,669 (35.3) | 769 | 5,844 (41.1) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 176 | 1,164 (24.6) | 137 | 993 (20.9) | 223 | 1,219 (25.7) | 536 | 3,376 (23.8) |
| Mexican-American | 196 | 1,354 (28.6) | 156 | 1,245 (26.2) | 69 | 543 (11.5) | 421 | 3,142 (22.1) |
| Other | 19 | 149 ( 3.2) | 39 | 396 ( 8.3) | 192 | 1,304 (27.5) | 250 | 1,849 (13.0) |
| Body Mass Index (BMI) | ||||||||
| Underweight/Healthy | 293 | 2,191 (46.5) | 238 | 1,880 (39.7) | 249 | 1,729 (37.1) | 780 | 5,800 (41.1) |
| Overweight | 197 | 1,483 (31.5) | 160 | 1,462 (30.9) | 224 | 1,361 (29.2) | 581 | 4,306 (30.5) |
| Obese | 150 | 1,036 (22.0) | 181 | 1,393 (29.4) | 264 | 1,571 (33.7) | 595 | 4,000 (28.4) |
| Smoking Exposure | ||||||||
| None | 88 | 411 ( 9.1) | 274 | 1,929 (40.9) | 446 | 2,612 (55.2) | 808 | 4,952 (35.4) |
| Second-Hand | 352 | 2,788 (61.6) | 212 | 1,752 (37.1) | 166 | 1,154 (24.4) | 730 | 5,694 (40.7) |
| Active | 164 | 1,326 (29.3) | 92 | 1,039 (22.0) | 140 | 967 (20.4) | 396 | 3,332 (23.8) |
| Alcohol Consumption | ||||||||
| None | 349 | 2,009 (53.0) | 166 | 1,050 (35.4) | 175 | 898 (29.3) | 690 | 3,957 (40.3) |
| Light | 104 | 834 (22.0) | 156 | 1,225 (41.3) | 230 | 1,349 (44.0) | 490 | 3,408 (34.7) |
| Moderate/Heavy | 93 | 948 (25.0) | 49 | 695 (23.4) | 110 | 818 (26.7) | 252 | 2,461 (25.1) |
Abbreviations: ANA = antinuclear antibodies; ANA+ = positive for ANA.
NOTE: Some groups were oversampled in certain cycles (e.g., adolescents in 1999-2004 and Asian-Americans in 2011-2012).
BMI was categorized as underweight/healthy, overweight, or obese using standard cut points of <25, 25 to <30, or ≥30 kg/m2 for persons ≥20 years old and by applying 2000 CDC growth chart percentiles of <85, 85 to <95, or ≥95 for persons 12-19 years old. Smoking exposure was based on current measured cotinine levels and classified as none (<0.05 ng/ml), second-hand (0.05 to 15 ng/ml), or active (>15 ng/ml). Alcohol consumption (available for ages ≥20 years) was based on the number of drinks in the past year and classified as none (<12 total), light (1-3 per week), or moderate/heavy (>3 per week).