Table 2.

Proteins involved in CWI maintenance in dicotyledonous plants

Name	Mutant	Functions and mutant phenotypes	Reference
RECEPTOR-LIKE PROTEIN KINASE THESEUS 1	the1	Member of the CrRLK1L family. Required for ISX-induced CWD JA/SA/lignin. KO alleles partially suppress prc1 phenotypes. THE1 binds RALF34	[198, 233, 291]
RECEPTOR-LIKE PROTEIN KINASE FERONIA	fer-4	Member of the CrRLK1L family. May act as pectin integrity sensor. KO plants have dramatic growth defects and pollinations is reduced. Required for response to RALF22 and 23. KO mutants show enhanced responses to ISX-induced CWD	[153, 233]
RECEPTOR-LIKE PROTEIN KINASE HERCULES1	herk1	Member of the CrRLK1L family. Single mutants are phenotypically normal. herk1the1-4 plants show stunted growth, cell elongation defects and enhanced responses to ISX-induced CWD (the1-4 is a gain of function allele)	[198, 292]
RECEPTOR-LIKE PROTEIN KINASE HERCULES2	herk2	Member of the CrRLK1L family. Single mutants are phenotypically normal. Enhanced responses to ISX-induced CWD	[198, 292]
RECEPTOR-LIKE PROTEIN KINASE ERULUS	eru	Member of the CrRLK1L family. Involved in root hair growth. KO mutants show reduced root hair length. Plants are characterized by reduced XyG content	[198, 293]
LRR RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE	fei2	Single KO mutants show no obvious growth phenotype and reduced responses to ISX-induced CWD. Inhibition of FEI1 and 2 affects root length and cell expansion in response to high concentration of sucrose. Double mutants show cellulose deficiency and anisotropic cell expansion via ACC-mediated pathway	[198, 294]
MID1-COMPLEMENTING ACTIVITY 1	mca1	Encodes a stretch-activated Ca++channel. Complements mid1 yeast mutant and is required for activating Calcium-dependent CWD-induced signalling pathway. Adult plants are slightly smaller. Required to generate Calcium spikes in response to cold shock, mca1 roots fail to penetrate hard agar medium and mca1 mca2 plants exhibit enhanced sensitivity to cold stress	[198, 222, 295]
MID1-COMPLEMENTING ACTIVITY 2	mca2	mca2 KO plants have no growth phenotypes. mca1 mca2 plants are significatively smaller (rosette size and stem length)	[222]
MECHANOSENSITIVE ION CHANNEL PROTEIN 2	msl2	Chloroplast-localized mechanosensitive ion channel and homologue of MSL3. Mutant plants exhibit reduced rosette size	[296]
MECHANOSENSITIVE ION CHANNEL PROTEIN 3	msl3	Homologue of MSL2. msl2 msl3 seedlings exhibit reduced responses to ISX-induced CWD, reduced plant size, chloroplasts with multiple Z-rings and variegated leaves due to chloroplast defects, chloroplasts in msl2 msl3 seedlings exhibit problems with adaptation to osmotic stress	[198, 223, 224, 297]
NITRATE REDUCTASE 1	nia1	KO plants show normal development
NITRATE REDUCTASE 2	nia2	KO plants show normal development nia1 nia2 plants show smaller rosettes and exhibit significantly reduced responses to ISX-induced CWD	[42, 198, 298]
WALL STRESS RESPONSE 1/DIRIGENT-LIKE PROTEIN 7	wsr1/dir7	KO plants show normal development and reduced responses to CBI-induced CWD (reduced SA levels) and enhanced Plectosphaerella cucumerina susceptibility	[238]
WALL STRESS RESPONSE 4/PXY/TDR-CORRELATED 3	wsr4/pxc3	KO plants show normal development. Reduced cellulose content in stem and leaves. Reduced responses to CBI-induced CWD (JA and lignification)	[238]