Table A2.
Interacting drugs prescribed to cases and controls on direct oral anticoagulant therapy in a 30‐day time window prior to the index date
| Cases (n = 393) | Controls (n = 1494) | |
|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | |
| Concomitant use of at least 1 drug with PK interaction | 177 (45.0) | 765 (51.2) |
| Strong CYP3A4 and/or P‐gp inhibitor comedication | ||
| Ketoconazole | 0 | 0 |
| Cyclosporine | 0 | 0 |
| Itraconazole | 0 | 1 |
| Dronedarone | <5 | <5 |
| Tacrolimus | 0 | 0 |
| Moderate CYP3A4 and/or P‐gp inhibitors | ||
| Amiodarone | 7 (1.8) | 40 (2.7) |
| Posaconazole | 0 | 0 |
| Quinidine | 0 | 0 |
| Verapamil | 5 (1.3) | 12 (0.8) |
| Digoxin | 54 (13.7) | 192 (12.9) |
| Diltiazem | 7 (1.8) | 69 (4.6) |
| Simvastatin | 76 (19.3) | 374 (25.0) |
| Atorvastatin | 59 (15.0) | 232 (15.5) |
| Ticagrelor | <5 | 0 |
| Fluconazole | <5 | <5 |
| Clarithromycin | <5 | 7 (0.5) |
| Erythromycin | <5 | <5 |
| Concomitant use of at least 1 drug with PD interaction | 85 (21.6) | 202 (13.5) |
| Antiplatelets | 41 (10.4) | 90 (6.0) |
| Ticlopidine | <5 | 0 |
| Clopidogrel | 13 (3.3) | 27 (1.8) |
| Low‐dose acetylsalicylic acid | 32 (8.1) | 66 (4.4) |
| NSAIDs | 7 (1.8) | 19 (1.3) |
| Diclofenac | 0 | 0 |
| Naproxen | <5 | 5 (0.3) |
| SSRIs * | 41 (10.4) | 95 (6.4) |
| SNRI | 6 (1.5) | 16 (1.1) |
| Enzyme inducers | ||
| Rifampicin | 0 | 0 |
| Carbamazepine | <5 | <5 |
| Phenytoin | <5 | <5 |
| Other inducers | 0 | 0 |
PK, pharmacokinetic; PD, pharmacodynamic; ACE, angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug; SSRIs, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; SNRIs, Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor.
*
The SSRIs we assessed were fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, citalopram, escitalopram, sertraline, and nefazodone. The SNRIs we assessed were venlafaxine and duloxetine.
All the cases <5 are according to the regulations of ISAC for CPRD database.