Table A4.
Interacting drugs prescribed to cases and controls on direct oral anticoagulant therapy in a 60‐day time window prior to the index date
| Cases (n = 393) | Controls (n = 1494) | |
|---|---|---|
| Concomitant use of | n (%) | n (%) |
| Concomitant use of at least 1 drug with PK interaction | 224 (57.0) | 936 (62.7) |
| Strong CYP3A4 and/or P‐gp inhibitor comedication | ||
| Ketoconazole, | 0 | 0 |
| Cyclosporine | 0 | 0 |
| Itraconazole | 0 | <5 |
| Dronedarone | <5* | <5 |
| Tacrolimus | 0 | 0 |
| Moderate CYP3A4 and/or P‐gp inhibitors | ||
| Amiodarone | 10 (2.5) | 51 (3.4) |
| Posaconazole | 0 | 0 |
| Quinidine | 0 | 0 |
| Verapamil | 5 (1.3) | 18 (1.2) |
| Digoxin | 65 (16.5) | 228 (15.3) |
| Diltiazem | 11 (2.8) | 82 (5.5) |
| Simvastatin | 95 (24.2) | 467 (31.3) |
| Atorvastatin | 76 (19.3) | 294 (19.7) |
| Ticagrelor | <5 | <5 |
| Fluconazole | 0 | 0 |
| Clarithromycin | 0 | 0 |
| Erythromycin | <5 | 9 (0.6) |
| Concomitant use at least 1 drug with PD interaction | 123 (31.3) | 278 (18.6) |
| Antiplatelets | 70 (17.8) | 146 (9.8) |
| Ticlopidine | 0 | 0 |
| Clopidogrel | 23 (5.9) | 40 (2.7) |
| Acetylsalicylic acid | 55 (14.0) | 110 (7.4) |
| NSAIDs | 9 (2.3) | 29 (1.9) |
| Diclofenac | <5 | <5 |
| Naproxen | 5 (1.3) | 11 (0.7) |
| SSRIs * | 53 (13.5) | 113 (7.6) |
| SNRI | 8 (2.0) | 17 (1.1) |
| Enzyme inducers | ||
| Rifampicin | 0 | 0 |
| Carbamazepine | <5 | <5 |
| Phenytoin | <5 | <5 |
| Other inducers | 0 | 0 |
PK, pharmacokinetic; PD, pharmacodynamic; ACE, angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug; SSRIs, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; SNRIs, Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor.
*
The SSRIs we assessed were fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, citalopram, escitalopram, sertraline, and nefazodone. The SNRIs we assessed were venlafaxine and duloxetine.
**
According to CPRD policy, all cells having less than 5 patients are shown as “<5”.