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. 2020 May 22;11:846. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00846

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Copyright © 2020 Wang, Li, Zhu, Zhang, Zhang, Cao, Zhu, Shi, Hao, Wen, Liu, Yang and Yin.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Perforin deficiency drives the accumulation of M1 macrophages and releases of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the liver with HFD challenge. WT and Prf^−/− mice were fed HFD for 10 weeks. (A) IL-6 (left panel, n = 5–11), TNF-α (middle panel, n = 5–6), and IFN-γ (right panel, n = 10–11) levels in liver supernatants. (B) Representative immunofluorescence images from liver with DAPI (blue), F4/80 (red), iNOS (green), and co-localization (merged image) (left) and the percentage of M1/M (refers to iNOS+F4/80+cells/F4/80+ cells) was calculated (right). The data shown in each panel of the figures were collected from a single experiment, and each experiment was repeated for at least three times and rendered consistent results. Means ± SEM, *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.