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. 2020 May 22;11:866. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00866

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Copyright © 2020 Toothaker, Presicce, Cappelletti, Stras, McCourt, Chougnet, Kallapur and Konnikova.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Signaling and cytokine production in villi APCs. (A) MMIs of cytokines in all CD45⁺ cells from the villi as a heatmap. The most significantly altered cytokines between treatments are listed in table below. (B) IFNα MMI comparisons between treatment groups. (C–E) MMI of cytokines in each APC subset. (F,G) MMI of cytokines in HLA-DR⁺ T cell subsets. Kruskal–Wallis values are listed at the top of each graph. Post hoc P-values are listed as lines connecting respective comparisons. *P < 0.05.