Left atrial (LA) chymase mRNA, activity, and Ang-(1-12) in diseased hearts. (A-C) Comparisons of LA chymase activity in patients with CHF vs. non-CHF, stroke vs. non-stroke, and PostOp AF vs. non PostOp AF. (D-F) Comparisons of LA chymase mRNA levels in patients with CHF vs. non-CHF, stroke vs. non-stroke, and PostOp AF vs. non PostOp AF. (G) LA Ang-(1-12) levels in patients with and without PostOp AF. Numbers in the bars represent the sample size for the corresponding data. Values are means ± SE. Ang-(1-12): angiotensin-(1-12); CHF: congestive heart failure; PostOp AF: postoperative atrial fibrillation.