Table 1.

List of S-nitrosylated proteins involved in diverse brain disorders.

Protein	Disease		Sites of SNO modification		Experimental models	Suggested molecular/biological consequences of S-nitrosylation	Reference
Calcineurin	ASD		–		Mice	Inhibition of the phosphatase activity	[19]
Syntaxin 1a	ASD		–		Mice	Enhanced binding with SNARE complex	[19]
mGluR7	ASD		–		Mice	Increase of Ca2+ influx in presynaptic neurons	[19]
RNF213	AD		–		Mice	Inhibition of the ligase activity	[122]
Drp1	AD, HD		Cys-644		Human, mice, cell lines	Increase the rate of mitochondrial fission	[130,178]
Cdk-5	AD		Cys-83 and Cys-157		Human, mice, cell lines	Hyperactivation of the kinase activity	[125,126]
PSD 95	AD		Cys-3 and Cys-5		Animal, cell lines	Blocks translocation of the protein	[205]
IDE	AD		Cys-110 and Cys 819		Cell lines	Inhibition of the metalloprotease activity	[9,18,206]
ApoE	AD		Cys-112		Human, cell lines	Reduction of affinity to LDL receptors	[136,207]
MEF2	AD		Cys-39		Human, mice, cell lines	Reduction of the binding affinity to DNA	[41]
Aldolase C, fructose bisphosphate	AD		–		Human	Reduction of the metalloprotease activity	[137]
MAP1B	AD		Cys-2457		Mice, cell lines	Enhancement of the binding affinity with microtubules	[36,208]
Carbonic anhydrase-II (CAH-II)	AD		–		Human	Reduction of the enzymatic activity leading to protein accumulation	[209]
Caspases	AD		Cys-163		Human cell lines	Decline in protease activity	[9,210]
GSK3β	AD	Cys-76, cys-199, cys-317		Mice, cell lines		Inhibition of the kinase activity and increased translocation into nucleus	[119]
XIAP	PD, AD, HD	–		Human, mice, cell lines		Inhibition of the anti-apoptotic function	[150]
GAPDH	AD, ALS, cerebral ischemia, PD	Cys-150, cys-152		Human, mice, cell line		Enhancement of the binding with Siah complex and activation of p300/CBP resulting in the increased neuronal death	[33,183,184]
Parkin	PD	–		Human, mice, cell lines		Autoubiquitination and degradation.	[147,152]
DJ-1	PD	Cys-46, cys-53, cys106		Human, cell lines		Reduction of the antioxidant activity	[148,211]
PTEN	PD, AD	Cys-83		Human, cell lines		Reduction of the phosphatase activity	[148]
PDI	PD, ALS	–		Human, mice, cell line		Inhibition of the dithiol isomerase activity	[133,149]
Prx2	PD	Cys-51, cys-172		Human, cell lines		Inhibition of the antioxidant activity	[151]
Huntingtin	HD	–		Mice, cell lines		Protein aggregate formation leading to cell death	[174]
NMDAR	AD, Prion disease	Cys −744, cys-798		Animal		Inhibition of the receptor activity and NO production	[9,18,212]
MMP9	Cerebral ischemia	–		Animal, cell lines		Reduction of the metalloprotease activity	[213]
PLP	MS	–		Animal		Conformational and functional alteration	[195,204]