Table 2.

Common health effects caused by exposure to particulate air pollution [9–12].

Particle size	Short-term exposure	Long-term exposure
PM10	Allergies, asthma, bronchitis, COPD, coughing, eye irritations, hay fever, increased respiratory infections, and rhinitis	COPD
PM2.5	Asthma, cardiovascular disease, COPD, coronary heart disease, heart insufficiencies, hypertonia, and increased respiratory infections	Allergies, asthma, atherosclerosis, COPD, increased risk for cancer, and shortened life expectancy
PM0.1	Asthma and coronary heart disease	Unknown