Table III.
Summary of previously reported anatomic relationships (musculoskeletal) with the pectoralis major tendon
| Anatomic landmark | Study | No. of specimens | Method of measurement | Referenced to superior PMT insertion on humerus, cm |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bony structures | ||||
| Superior humeral head | Murachovsky et al (2006)29 | 40 | Calipers | 5.6 ± 0.5 (5.0-7.0) above PMT |
| Torrens et al (2008)38 | 20 | CT correlation | 5.6 (5.3-6.0) above PMT | |
| Hasan et al (2009)13 | 38 | Digital calipers | 5.8 ± 0.6 above PMT | |
| Ponce et al (2013)32 | 22 | Calipers | 5.6 ± 0.5 (4.3-6.2) above PMT | |
| Figueiredo et al (2013)9 | 20 | Calipers | 5.9 ± 0.3 (5.5-6.4) above PMT | |
| Articular margin of HH | Dannenbaum et al (2018)6 | 12 | Surgical ruler | 4.1 ± 0.9 above PMT |
| Greater tuberosity∗ | Carey and Owens (2010)3 | 12 | Digital calipers | 4.2 ± 0.9 (3.1-5.0) above PMT |
| Haladaj et al (2019)12 | 80 | Digital calipers | 5.2 ± 0.8 (3.8-6.5) above PMT | |
| Jagiasi et al (2019)16 | 10 | Calipers | 4.9 ± 0.4 (43-55) above PMT | |
| Center of greater tuberosity to center of PMT | Moatshe et al (2018)28 | 10 | Coordinate measuring device | 6.1 (95% CI, 5.6-6.6) above PMT |
| Center of lesser tuberosity to center of PMT | Moatshe et al (2018)28 | 10 | Coordinate measuring device | 6.2 (95% CI, 5.5-6.8) above PMT |
| Lateral epicondyle of the distal humerus | Hasan et al (2009)13 | 38 | Digital caliper | 24.9 ± 1.8 below PMT |
| Muscle-tendon structures | ||||
| Origin of LHB tendon | Hussain et al (2015)15 | 43 | Ruler | 8.1 ± 1.0 (6.3-10.4) above the PMT |
| MTJ of LHB tendon | Jarrett et al (2011)17 | 12 | — | 2.2 (95% CI, 1.2-3.1) below PMT |
| Denard et al (2012)7 | 21 | Digital calipers | 2.5 below PMT | |
| LaFrance et al (2013)22 | 10 | Digital calipers | 3.2 ± 1.4 below PMT | |
| Superior LD tendon insertion | Dannenbaum et al (2018)6 | 12 | Surgical ruler | <1 mm proximal or distal to PMT |
| Center of LD insertion to center of PMT | Moatshe et al (2018)28 | 10 | Coordinate measuring device | 1.8 (95% CI, 1.2-2.3) above PMT |
| Anterior deltoid insertion | Klepps et al (2004)19 | 36 | Ruler | 4.7 below PMT |
| Center of deltoid insertion to center of PMT | Moatshe et al (2018)28 | 10 | Coordinate measuring device | 4.4 below PMT (95% CI, 3.8-5.0) |
PMT, pectoralis major tendon; CT, computed tomography; HH, humeral head; CI, confidence interval; LHB, long head biceps; MTJ, myotendinous junction; LD, latissimus dorsi.
∗
Superomedial aspect of the greater tuberosity to the superior border of PMT.