Table I.
Authors, year | Location of study | Study design | Sample size | Treatments evaluated | Length of study follow-up | Age, yr | Male sex, % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ahrens et al,1 2017 | United Kingdom | Randomized trial | 302 | Plate | 9 mo | Mean, 36 ± 12 | 86 |
Sling | Mean, 36 ± 12 | 88 | |||||
Andersen et al,2 1987 | Denmark | Randomized trial | 61 | F8B | 3 mo | Median, 19 (range, 14-81) | NR |
Sling | Median, 19 (range, 14-66) | ||||||
Andrade-Silva et al,3 2015 | Brazil | Randomized trial | 59 | Plate | 12 mo | Mean, 31 ± 12 | 85 |
ESIN | Mean, 28 ± 9 | 73 | |||||
Assobhi,4 2011 | Finland | Randomized trial | 38 | Plate | 12 mo | Mean, 33 ± 6 (range, 26-49) | 89 |
ESIN | Mean, 30 ± 5 (range, 24-45) | 84 | |||||
Bhardwaj et al,6 2018 | India | Randomized trial | 69 | Plate | 24 mo | Mean, 32 | 22 |
Sling | Mean, 32 | 39 | |||||
Calbiyik et al,9 2017 | Turkey | Randomized trial | 75 | CRx | 12 mo | Mean, 42 ± 14 | 60 |
Plate | Mean, 39 ± 7 | 63 | |||||
Chen et al,11 2018 | China | Randomized trial | 54 | Plate | Mean, 15 mo (range, 12-24 mo) | Mean, 38 ± 11 | 59 |
ESIN | Mean, 39 ± 11 | 56 | |||||
Chen et al,12 2011 | China | Randomized trial | 60 | ESIN | Mean, 15 mo (range, 10-20 mo) | Mean, 39 ± 12 | 53 |
Sling | Mean, 38 ± 13 | 53 | |||||
Chen et al,13 2012 | China | Observational | 141 | ESIN | 24 mo | Mean, 34 (range, 20-59) | 72 |
Plate | Mean, 37 (range, 19-63) | 73 | |||||
Chu et al,14 2018 | Taiwan | Observational | 120 | Plate | 6 mo | Mean, 46 ± 17 | 63 |
F8B | Mean, 50 ± 15 | 73 | |||||
Coppa et al,15 2017 | Italy | Observational | 58 | IMP | Mean, 47 mo (range, 23-74 mo) | Mean, 40 ± 16 | 93 |
F8B | Mean, 37 ± 16 | 83 | |||||
Eden et al,17 2015 | Germany | Observational | 102 | F8B | 12 mo | Mean, 41 ± 18 | NR |
Plate | Mean, 38 ± 15 | ||||||
ESIN | Mean, 34 ± 15 | ||||||
Ersen et al,19 2015 | Turkey | Randomized trial | 60 | F8B | Mean, 8 mo (range, 6-12 mo) | Mean, 34 (range, 16-75) | 79 |
Sling | Mean, 29 (range, 15-72) | 83 | |||||
Ferran et al,20 2010 | United Kingdom | Quasi-randomized | 32 | IMP | 12 mo | Mean, 24 (range, 13-42) | 82 |
Plate | Mean, 35 (range, 16-53) | 87 | |||||
Fu et al,24 2012 | Taiwan | Observational | 103 | IMP | Mean, 15 mo (range, 12-153 mo) | Mean, 35 ± 15 | 72 |
Plate | Mean, 40 ± 15 | 66 | |||||
Fuglesang et al,25 2017 | Norway | Randomized trial | 123 | Plate | 12 mo | Mean, 35 (range, 16-59) | 81 |
ESIN | Mean, 36 (range, 16-57) | 90 | |||||
Hanselman et al,26 2016 | United States | Observational | 157 | Plate | Up to 5 yr | NR | NR |
IMP | |||||||
Jones et al,34 2014 | United Kingdom | Observational | 57 | Plate | Mean, 30 mo (range, 12-54 mo) | Mean, 27 ± 8 | 84 |
ESIN | |||||||
Judd et al,35 2009 | United States | Randomized trial | 70 | IMP | 12 mo | Mean, 28 (range, 19-40) | 93 |
Sling | Mean, 25 (range, 17-41) | 89 | |||||
Khorami et al,37 2014 | Iran | Randomized trial | 87 | F8B | 6 mo | Mean, 32 | 77 |
Plate | Mean, 31 | 71 | |||||
King et al,38 2019 | Turkey | Randomized trial | 87 | CRx | 15 mo | Mean, 29 ± 14 | 74 |
Plate | Mean, 35 ± 12 | 54 | |||||
Kleweno et al,40 2011 | United States | Observational | 32 | IMP | Mean, 8 mo (range, 3-28 mo) | Mean, 35 (range, 16-56) | 71 |
Plate | Mean, 17 mo (range, 4-58 mo) | Mean, 28 (range, 16-46) | 83 | ||||
Kulshrestha et al,41 2011 | India | Observational | 73 | Plate | 18 mo | Mean, 32 ± 6 | 96 |
Sling | Mean, 33 ± 5 | 86 | |||||
Lechler et al,43 2016 | Germany | Observational | 47 | ESIN | Mean, 38 mo | Mean, 36 ± 15 | 72 |
Plate | Mean, 39 ± 15 | 64 | |||||
Lee et al,44 2008 | Taiwan | Quasi-randomized | 103 | IMP | 12 mo | Mean, 40 | 66 |
Plate | Mean, 38 | 63 | |||||
Lee et al,46 2007 | Taiwan | Quasi-randomized | 69 | IMP | 30 mo | Mean, 60 (range, 50-81) | 59 |
Plate | Mean, 57 (range, 52-79) | 57 | |||||
Liu et al,50 2010 | Taiwan | Observational | 110 | ESIN | Mean, 18 mo (range, 12-27 mo) | Mean, 34 ± 14 (range, 16-65) | 63 |
Plate | Mean, 32 ± 10 (range, 17-58) | 49 | |||||
McKee et al,54 2007; Schemitsch et al,73 2011 | Canada | Randomized trial | 132 | Sling | 12 mo | Mean, 34 | 69 |
Plate | Mean, 34 | 86 | |||||
Melean et al,56 2015 | Chile | Randomized trial | 76 | Sling | 12 mo | Mean, 37 ± 11 | NR |
Plate | Mean, 38 ± 13 | ||||||
Mirzatolooei,57 2011 | Iran | Randomized trial | 60 | Sling | 12 mo | Mean, 35 | 10 |
Plate | Mean, 36 | 21 | |||||
Napora et al,58 2018 | United States | Observational | 138 | Sling | ≥12 mo | Range, 16-71 | NR |
Plate | Range, 16-71 | ||||||
Narsaria et al,59 2014 | India | Randomized trial | 66 | Plate | 24 mo | Mean, 40 ± 11 (range, 18-64) | 79 |
ESIN | Mean, 39 ± 9 (range, 20-62) | 73 | |||||
Naveen et al,60 2017 | India | Nonrandomized controlled trial | 60 | F8B and sling | 6 mo | Mean, 35 | 90 |
Plate | Mean, 32 | 87 | |||||
Qvist et al,65 2018 | Denmark | Randomized trial | 150 | Sling | 12 mo | Mean, 39 (range, 18-60) | 92 |
Plate | Mean, 40 (range, 18-60) | 100 | |||||
Robinson et al,68 2013 | United Kingdom | Randomized trial | 200 | Sling | 12 mo | Mean, 33 ± 13 | 88 |
Plate | Mean, 32 ± 11 | 87 | |||||
Saha et al,71 2014 | India | Quasi-randomized | 80 | Plate | 24 mo | Mean, 33 ± 13 (range, 15-58) | NR |
ESIN | Mean, 33 ± 12 (range, 15-55) | ||||||
Shetty et al,75 2017 | India | Randomized trial | 30 | F8B and sling | 6 mo | NR | NR |
Plate | |||||||
Silva et al,77 2011 | Brazil | Randomized trial | 22 | Plate | 6 mo | NR | NR |
ESIN | |||||||
Smekal et al,79 2011 | Austria | Randomized trial | 120 | Sling | 24 mo | Mean, 38 ± 15 | 85 |
ESIN | Mean, 37 ± 13 | 90 | |||||
Smekal et al,80 2009 | Austria | Randomized trial | 60 | Sling | 24 mo | Mean, 40 ± 15 | 87 |
ESIN | Mean, 36 ± 12 | 87 | |||||
Tabatabaei and Shalamzari,83 2011 | Iran | Nonrandomized controlled trial | 68 | IMP | Mean, 14 mo | Mean, 29 | 84 |
Plate | Mean, 27 | 84 | |||||
Tamaoki et al,84 2017 | Brazil | Randomized trial | 117 | F8B | 12 mo | Mean, 35 ± 13 | 81 |
Plate | Mean, 31 ± 10 | 90 | |||||
Tarng et al,87 2012 | Taiwan | Observational | 57 | Plate | 12 mo | Mean, 47 (IQR, 37-59) | 56 |
ESIN | Mean, 38 (IQR, 27-58) | 40 | |||||
Tutuhatunewa et al,91 2017 | The Netherlands | Observational | 278 | Sling | Median, 26 mo (range, 15-41 mo) | Median, 42 (IQR, 26-56) | 78 |
Plate | Median, 27 mo (range, 18-37 mo) | Median, 40 (IQR, 24-50) | 86 | ||||
van der Meijden et al,93 2015 | The Netherlands | Randomized trial | 120 | Plate | 12 mo | Mean, 38 ± 15 | 91 |
ESIN | Mean, 40 ± 13 | 97 | |||||
Van Der Ven Denise et al,94 2015 | The Netherlands | Observational | 97 | Sling | Mean, 60 mo | Mean, 41 ± 15 | 85 |
Plate | Mean, 41 ± 13 | 90 | |||||
Virtanen et al,97 2012 | Finland | Randomized trial | 60 | Sling | 12 mo | Mean, 33 ± 12 | 88 |
Plate | Mean, 41 ± 11 | 86 | |||||
Wang et al,100 2015 | Taiwan | Observational | 55 | Plate | 12 mo | Mean, 35 (range, 16-60) | 70 |
ESIN | Mean, 42 (range, 16-66) | 68 | |||||
Wenninger et al,101 2013 | United States | Observational | 65 | IMP | 12 mo | Mean, 25 (range, 18-51) | 97 |
Plate | Mean, 27 (range, 20-49) | 90 | |||||
Wijdicks et al,102 2012 | The Netherlands | Observational | 90 | Plate | Median, 8 mo (IQR, 2-13) | Mean, 39 ± 14 | 77 |
ESIN | Median, 6 mo (IQR, 5-12) | Mean, 33 ± 16 | 70 | ||||
Woltz et al,103 2017 | The Netherlands | Randomized trial | 160 | Sling | 12 mo | Mean, 37 ± 13 | 89 |
Plate | Mean, 38 ± 13 | 93 | |||||
Zehir et al,108 2015 | Turkey | Randomized trial | 45 | CRx | Mean, 12 mo | Mean, 33 ± 9 | 58 |
Plate | Mean, 14 mo | Mean, 32 ± 8 | 57 |
F8B, figure-of-eight bandage; NR, not reported; ESIN, elastic stable intramedullary nail; CRx, Sonoma CRx intramedullary nail; IMP, intramedullary pin; IQR, interquartile range.