Table 2.
Association (odds ratio [95%CI]) between sleep patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors among women. Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil, 2012–2014)
| Obesity | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | |
| Self-reported sleep duration | |||||
| ≤ 6 h | 1.35 (1.22;1.50) | 1.29 (1.16;1.43) | 1.25 (1.13;1.39) | 1.23 (1.10;1.37) | 1.22 (1.09;1.36) |
| > 6 - ≤ 8 h | Reference category | ||||
| > 8 h | 1.79 (1.41;2.25) | 1.59 (1.25;2.01) | 1.55 (1.22;1.97) | 1.56 (1.23;1.97) | 1.56 (1.23;1.98) |
| Insomnia symptoms | |||||
| No | Reference category | ||||
| Yes | 1.32 (1.18;1.47 | 1.23 (1.10;1.38) | 1.15 (1.02;1.29) | 1.09 (0.97;1.23) | 1.09 (0.96;1.23) |
| Short sleep + insomnia | |||||
| No (> 6 - ≤ 8 h and absence of insomnia) | Reference category | ||||
| Yes | 1.58 (1.38;1.81) | 1.43 (1.25;1.65) | 1.32 (1.14;1.53) | – | 1.31 (1.13;1.51) |
| Hypertension | |||||
| Self-reported sleep duration | |||||
| ≤ 6 h | 1.29 (1.17;1.42) | 1.29 (1.17;1.43) | 1.19 (1.08;1.33) | 1.15 (1.03;1.28) | 1,15 (1.03;1.28) |
| > 6 - ≤ 8 h | Reference category | ||||
| > 8 h | 1.93 (1.54;2.42) | 1.73 (1.36;2.19) | 1.52 (1.19;1.93) | 1.53 (1.20;1.94) | 1.53 (1.20;1.95) |
| Insomnia symptoms | |||||
| No | Reference category | ||||
| Yes | 1.40 (1.26;1.55) | 1.39 (1.24;1.54) | 1.22 (1.09;1.37) | 1.19 (1.05;1.33) | 1.18 (1.05;1.33) |
| Short sleep + insomnia | |||||
| No (> 6 - ≤ 8 h and absence of insomnia) | Reference category | ||||
| Yes | 1.62 (1.43;1.84) | 1.46 (1.28;1.67) | 1.37 (1.19;1.58) | – | 1.33 (1.15;1.53) |
| High glycated hemoglobin | |||||
| Self-reported sleep duration | |||||
| ≤ 6 h | 1.36 (1.13;1.63) | 1.35 (1.12;1.62) | 1.20 (1.00;1.45) | 1.12 (0.92;1.36) | 1.11 (0.91;1.36) |
| > 6 - ≤ 8 h | Reference category | ||||
| > 8 h | 2.17 (1.50;3.06) | 1.90 (1.31;2.70) | 1.62 (1.11;2.32) | 1.64 (1.13;2.34) | 1.65 (1.13;2.23) |
| Insomnia symptoms | |||||
| No | Reference category | ||||
| Yes | 1.62 (1.35;1.94) | 1.59 (1.31;1.89) | 1.32 (1.09;1.60) | 1.31 (1.06;1.61) | 1.30 (1.06;1.60) |
| Short sleep + insomnia | |||||
| No (> 6 - ≤ 8 h and absence of insomnia) | Reference category | ||||
| Yes | 1.91 (1.52;2.39) | 1.60 (1.27;2.01) | 1.48 (1.17;1.88) | – | 1.43 (1.12;1.82) |
| Hypertriglyceridemia | |||||
| Self-reported sleep duration | |||||
| ≤ 6 h | 1.10 (0.99;1.24) | 1.10 (0.98;1.23) | 1.05 (0.93;1.17) | 1.04 (0.89;1.13) | 0.99 (0.88;1.12) |
| > 6 - ≤ 8 h | Reference category | ||||
| > 8 h | 1.26 (0.96;1.64) | 1.20 (0.91;1.55) | 1.11 (0.84;1.44) | 1.11 (0.85;1.44) | 1.12 (0.86;1.46) |
| Insomnia symptoms | |||||
| No | Reference category | ||||
| Yes | 1.27 (1.12;1.43) | 1.25 (1.11;1.41) | 1.17 (1.03;1.33) | 1.17 (1.03;1.34) | 1.16 (1.01;1.32) |
| Short sleep + insomnia | |||||
| No (> 6 - ≤ 8 h and absence of insomnia) | Reference category | ||||
| Yes | 1.31 (1.13;1.52) | 1.23 (1.06;1.43) | 1.18 (1.01;1.38) | – | 1.12 (0.95;1.31) |
| Low HDL-cholesterol | |||||
| Self-reported sleep duration | |||||
| ≤ 6 h | 1.18 (1.06;1.31) | 1.19 1.07;1.32) | 1.13 (1.01;1.25) | 1.10 (0.99;1.23) | 1.10 (0.98;1.23) |
| > 6 - ≤ 8 h | Reference category | ||||
| > 8 h | 1.31 (1.03;1.67) | 1.36 (1.06;1.74) | 1.24 (0.97;1.59) | 1.25 (0.97;1.59) | 1.25 (0.97;1.59) |
| Insomnia symptoms | |||||
| No | Reference category | ||||
| Yes | 1.22 (1.09;1.36) | 1.23 (1.10;1.38) | 1.13 (1.00;1.27) | 1.10 (0.97;1.25) | 1.10 (0.96;1.25) |
| Short sleep + insomnia | |||||
| No (> 6 - ≤ 8 h and absence of insomnia) | Reference category | ||||
| Yes | 1.33 (1.16;1.53) | 1.27 (1.10;1.46) | 1.21 (1.04;1.39) | – | 1.19 (1.03;1.38) |
Logistic regression analyses (odds ratio and 95% CI). Model 1 = crude model; Model 2 = Model1 + age + education; Model 3 = Model 2 + physical activity + depression; Model 4 = Model 3 + insomnia or sleep duration; Model 5 = Model 4 + menopausal status