Table 1.
Overview of analytical methods for strigolactones
| Analytical technique | Column | Mobile phase composition | Analysis time | Matrix | Extraction solvent | Purification | Strigolactone | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LC-ESI-MS/MS |
ODS (C18), Mightysil RP-18 (2 × 250 mm, 5 µm) |
A—H2O B—MeOH |
34–60 min | Tissue | EtOAc | LLE |
5-Deoxystrigol 7-Oxoorobanchyl acetate 7α-Hydroxyorobanchyl acetate Didehydro-orobanchol Fabacyl acetate Methyl zealactonoate Orobanchol Orobanchyl acetate Solanacol Sorgolactone Sorgomol Strigol Strigyl acetate |
[5, 15, 18, 30, 32, 40, 41, 43–45, 48, 49] |
| Exudates | – | Adsorption on charcoal and elution with acetone; LLE with EtOAc | ||||||
|
L-Column2 ODS (2.1 × 50 mm, 2.0 μm) |
A—H2O B—MeOH |
22 min | Exudates | – | Adsorption on charcoal and elution with acetone; LLE with EtOAc |
5-Deoxystrigol Orobanchol Orobanchyl acetate |
[25] | |
| COSMOSIL 2.5C18-MS-II (100 × 2.0 mm, 2.5 µm) |
A—H2O B—MeOH |
20 min | Exudates | EtOAc | CC (silica) |
4-Deoxyorobanchol 5-Deoxystrigol Carlactone Carlactonoic acid Heliolactone |
[16, 52] | |
|
ACE Excel 1.7 C18 (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) |
A—0.1% FA/H2O B—0.1% FA/ACN |
10.5 min | Exudates | – | Adsorption on C18 and elution with acetone |
5-Deoxystrigol 7-Oxoorobanchyl acetate Fabacyl acetate Orobanchol Orobanchyl acetate Solanacol Strigol |
[29] | |
| Tissue | EtOAC | |||||||
| ACQUITY BEH C18 (100 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 mm) |
A—0.1% FA/H2O B—ACN |
12 min | Exudates | – | Adsorption on C18 and elution with acetone | Zealactones 1-5 | [28] | |
|
A—H2O B—ACN |
19 min | Tissue | EtOAc | CC (silica) |
Fabacyl acetate Orobanchol Orobanchyl acetate |
[35] | ||
|
A—H2O B—MeOH |
9 min | Exudates | – | Adsorption on C18 and elution with acetone |
5-Deoxystrigol 7-Oxoorobanchyl acetate Fabacyl acetate Orobanchol Orobanchyl acetate Solanacol Strigol |
[33] | ||
|
ACCLAIM 120C18 (2.1 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm) |
A—0.1% FA/H2O B—0.1% FA/ACN |
40 min | Exudates | EtOAc | C18 SPE |
5-Deoxystrigol Fabacyl acetate Orobanchyl acetate Orobanchol Solanacol |
[23] | |
| Tissue | EtOAc | CC (silica) | ||||||
| Kinetex C18 (2.1 × 150 mm, 2.6 μm) |
A—0.1% AcA/H2O B—0.1% AcA/ACN |
23 min | Tissue | EtOAc | CC (silica) | 5-Deoxystrigol | [34] | |
| GC-MS | DB-5 (4 m × 0.25 mm) | He | 27 min | Exudates | – | Adsorption on XAD-4 and elution with EtOAc; CC on Sephadex LH-20 |
Methyl zealactonoate Orobanchol |
[27, 47, 48] |
| Tissue | EtOAc |
AcA acetic acid, FA formic acid, LLE liquid–liquid extraction, CC column chromatography, SPE solid phase extraction