Table 2.
Patient and lifestyle characteristics of female patients and controls
| Females | Patients (n = 717) | Patients (after imputation) | Controls (n = 3,047) | Controls (after imputation) | OR (95% CI)1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at completion of questionnaire, years | 52.9±13.2 | 50.2±17.1 | 1.01 (1.01–1.02) | ||
| Smoking status | |||||
| Never | 319 (44.5) | 1,341 (44.0) | reference | ||
| Current | 111 (15.5) | 480 (15.8) | 0.97 (0.77–1.24) | ||
| Former | 287 (40.0) | 1,226 (40.2) | 0.98 (0.82–1.12) | ||
| Duration of smoking2 | |||||
| Never smoker | 319 (44.5) | 1,341 (44.0) | reference | ||
| <20 years | 219 (30.5) | 770 (25.3) | 1.20 (0.99–1.45) | ||
| 21–40 years | 112 (15.6) | 475 (15.6) | 0.99 (0.78–1.26) | ||
| >40 years | 24 (3.3) | 142 (4.7) | 0.71 (0.45–1.11) | ||
| Cigarettes per dayNever smoker | 319 (44.5) | 1,341 (44.0) | reference | ||
| <10 | 245 (34.2) | 887 (29.1) | 1.16 (0.96–1.40) | ||
| 10–20 | 107 (14.9) | 514 (16.9) | 0.88 (0.69–1.11) | ||
| >20 | 25 (3.5) | 126 (4.1) | 0.83 (0.53–1.30) | ||
| Marital status | |||||
| Single | 137 (19.1) | 139 (19.4) | 1,079 (35.4) | 1,084 (35.6) | reference |
| With partner | 575 (80.2) | 578 (80.6) | 1,959 (64.3) | 1,963 (64.4) | 2.28 (1.86–2.79) |
| Missing | 5 (0.7) | 9 (0.3) | |||
| Education | |||||
| Less than secondary school | 172 (24.0) | 172 (24.0) | 646 (21.2) | 650 (21.3) | reference |
| Secondary school | 260 (36.3) | 260 (36.3) | 880 (28.9) | 883 (29.0) | 1.11 (0.89–1.38) |
| More than secondary school | 285 (39.7) | 285 (39.7) | 1,507 (49.5) | 1,514 (49.7) | 0.71 (0.58–0.88) |
| Missing | 0 (0.0) | 14 (0.5) | |||
| Skin type | |||||
| I, II | 378 (52.7) | 378 (52.7) | 1,386 (45.5) | 1,394 (45.7) | reference |
| III | 331 (46.2) | 331 (46.2) | 1,522 (50.0) | 1,526 (50.1) | 0.80 (0.68–0.94) |
| IV–VI | 8 (1.1) | 8 (1.1) | 125 (4.1) | 127 (4.2) | 0.24 (0.11–0.48) |
| Missing | 0 (0.0) | 14 (0.5) | |||
| Skin reaction after 1 h unprotective sun exposure | |||||
| Not burned | 66 (9.2) | 66 (9.2) | 582 (19.1) | 585 (19.2) | reference |
| A little bit red | 398 (55.5) | 398 (55.5) | 1,801 (59.1) | 1,810 (59.4) | 1.95 (1.48–2.57) |
| Burned | 253 (35.3) | 253 (35.3) | 646 (21.2) | 652 (21.4) | 3.46 (2.58–4.64) |
| Missing | 0 (0.0) | 18 (0.6) | |||
| Solarium usage during lifetime | |||||
| Never | 168 (23.4) | 169 (23.6) | 1,015 (33.3) | 1,034 (33.9) | reference |
| <2 cures | 403 (56.2) | 403 (56.2) | 1,176 (38.6) | 1,190 (39.1) | 2.07 (1.70–2.53) |
| 2–5 cures | 126 (17.6) | 126 (17.6) | 614 (20.2) | 620 (20.3) | 1.24 (0.97–1.60) |
| >5 cures | 19 (2.7) | 19 (2.6) | 201 (61.2) | 203 (6.7) | 0.58 (0.35–0.95) |
| Missing | 1 (0.1) | 41 (1.3) | |||
| Time spent outdoors weekends/holidays <18 years (hours per day) | |||||
| <2 h | 96 (13.4) | 97 (13.5) | 460 (15.1) | 479 (15.7) | reference |
| 2–4 h | 420 (58.6) | 434 (60.5) | 1,801 (59.1) | 1,874 (61.5) | 1.13 (0.88–1.44) |
| >4 h | 182 (25.4) | 186 (25.9) | 633 (20.8) | 694 (22.8) | 1.31 (0.99–1.72) |
| Unknown | 19 (2.6) | 153 (5.0) | |||
| Time spent outdoors weekdays >18 years (hours per day) | |||||
| <2 h | 494 (68.9) | 498 (69.5) | 2,146 (70.4) | 2,209 (72.5) | reference |
| 2–4 h | 133 (18.5) | 133 (18.5) | 499 (16.4) | 520 (17.1) | 1.16 (0.93–1.44) |
| >4 h | 82 (11.4) | 86 (12.0) | 304 (10.0) | 318 (10.4) | 1.17 (0.90–1.52) |
| Unknown | 8 (1.1) | 98 (3.2) | |||
| Time spent outdoors weekends/holidays >18 years (hours per day) | |||||
| <2 h | 162 (22.6) | 168 (23.4) | 697 (22.9) | 727 (23.9) | reference |
| 2–4 h | 438 (61.1) | 451 (62.9) | 1,863 (61.1) | 1,934 (63.5) | 1.00 (0.82–1.22) |
| >4 h | 91 (12.7) | 98 (13.7) | 345 (11.3) | 386 (12.7) | 1.06 (0.80–1.41) |
| Unknown | 26 (3.6) | 142 (4.7) | |||
| Sun vacation <18 years (weeks per year) | |||||
| None | 378 (52.7) | 378 (52.7) | 1,705 (56.0) | 1,744 (57.2) | reference |
| 1–2 weeks | 192 (26.8) | 192 (26.8) | 740 (24.3) | 761 (25.0) | 1.17 (0.96–1.42) |
| 3–4 weeks | 121 (16.9) | 121 (16.9) | 500 (16.4) | 518 (17.0) | 1.08 (0.86–1.36) |
| >4 weeks | 26 (3.6) | 26 (3.6) | 21 (0.7) | 24 (0.8) | 4.62 (2.43–8.78) |
| Missing | 0 (0.0) | 81 (2.7) | |||
| Sun vacation >18 years (weeks per year) | |||||
| None | 123 (17.2) | 123 (17.2) | 584 (19.2) | 606 (19.9) | reference |
| 1–2 weeks | 341 (47.6) | 341 (47.6) | 1,271 (41.7) | 1,327 (43.6) | 1.28 (1.02–1.60) |
| 3–4 weeks | 215 (30.0) | 215 (30.0) | 1,017 (33.4) | 1,062 (34.9) | 1.00 (0.78–1.28) |
| >4 weeks | 38 (5.3) | 38 (5.3) | 51 (1.7) | 52 (1.7) | 3.37 (2.08–5.48) |
| Missing | 0 (0.0) | 124 (4.1) | |||
| Sun protective measures <18 years | |||||
| Never | 36 (5.0) | 40 (5.6) | 138 (4.5) | 198 (6.5) | reference |
| Rarely/sometimes | 389 (54.3)) | 438 (61.1) | 1,436 (47.1) | 1,730 (56.8) | 1.23 (0.82–1.85) |
| Often/always | 204 (28.5) | 239 (33.3) | 897 (29.4) | 1,119 (36.7 | 1.10 (0.74–1.63) |
| Missing | 88 (12.3) | 576 (18.9) | |||
| Sun protective measures >18 years | |||||
| Never | 6 (0.8) | 7 (1.0) | 35 (1.1) | 62 (2.0) | reference |
| Rarely/sometimes | 239 (33.3) | 260 (36.3) | 1,112 (36.5) | 1,317 (43.2) | 1.66 (0.58–4.77) |
| Often/always | 432 (60.3) | 450 (62.8) | 1,446 (47.5) | 1,668 (54.7) | 2.34 (0.77–7.12) |
| Missing | 40 (5.6) | 454 (14.9) | |||
Data are presented as n (%) or mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated.
1
The imputed data were used for analyses.
2
Data of patients and controls who smoke or had smoked and did not specify their smoking behavior in duration of smoking or number of cigarettes per day were not imputed.