Table 2.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of acute ischemic stroke patients with a history of smoking stratified by rtPA and gender. Continuous variables are represented as mean ± S.D. and comparisons between groups are made with a Student’s t test. Discrete variables are represented as count (percent frequency) and comparisons between groups were made using Pearson’s chi-square test.
| Female smokers (146) |
P value | Male smokers (233) |
P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rtPA (71; control) | No rtPA (75) | rtPA (110; control) | No rtPA (123) | |||
| Age group: (%) | ||||||
| < 50 | 24 (58.54) | 17 (41.46) | 0.2293 | 47 (52.22) | 19 (47.50) | 0.5422 |
| 50–59 | 14 (37.84) | 23 (62.16) | 29 (40.28) | 43 (47.78) | ||
| 60–69 | 21 (56.76) | 16 (43.24) | 10 (41.67) | 43 (59.72) | ||
| 70–79 | 10 (40.00) | 15 (60.00) | 21 (52.50) | 14 (58.33) | ||
| ⩾ 80 | 2 (33.33) | 4 (66.67) | 3 (42.86) | 4 (57.14) | ||
| Mean ± SD | 56.01 ± 14.92 | 59.55 ± 12.91 | 0.1277 | 57.13 ± 10.21 | 59.5 ± 11.19 | 0.0931 |
| Race: (%) | ||||||
| Caucasian | 54 (48.65) | 57 (51.35) | 0.5799 | 82 (47.67) | 33 (54.10) | Nil |
| African-American | 16 (47.06) | 18 (52.94) | 28 (45.90) | 0 | ||
| Body mass index (%) | ||||||
| <18.5 | 4 (33.33) | 8 (66.67) | 0.5186 | 6 (75.00) | 2 (25.00) | 0.2488 |
| 18.5–24.9 | 20 (51.28) | 19 (48.72) | 35 (43.21) | 46 (56.79) | ||
| 25–29.9 | 20 (43.48) | 26 (56.52) | 42 (55.26) | 34 (44.74) | ||
| 30–34.9 | 10 (45.45) | 12 (54.55) | 15 (41.67) | 21 (58.33) | ||
| 35–39.9 | 10 (66.67) | 5 (33.33) | 8 (38.10) | 13 (61.90) | ||
| ⩾ 40 | 7 (58.33) | 5 (41.67) | 4 (36.36) | 7 (63.64) | ||
| Mean ± SD | 29.28 ± 7.5 | 28.1 ± 11.04 | 0.4518 | 27.35 ± 5.87 | 27.9 ± 6.54 | 0.5031 |
| Medical history: (%) | ||||||
| Hypertension | ||||||
| Yes | 50 (46.73) | 57 (53.27) | 0.4465 | 87 (50.29) | 86 (49.71) | 0.1099 |
| No | 21 (53.85) | 18 (46.15) | 23 (38.33) | 37 (61.67) | ||
| Coronary artery disease | ||||||
| Yes | 12 (40.00) | 18 (60.00) | 0.2887 | 39 (58.21) | 28 (41.79) | 0.0326* |
| No | 59 (50.86) | 57 (49.14) | 71 (42.77) | 95 (57.23) | ||
| Dyslipidemia | ||||||
| Yes | 33 (46.48) | 38 (53.52) | 0.6128 | 60 (57.14) | 45 (42.86) | 0.0059* |
| No | 38 (50.670 | 37 (49.33) | 50 (39.06) | 78 (60.94) | ||
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter | ||||||
| Yes | 4 (28.57) | 10 (71.43) | 0.1143 | 5 (29.41) | 12 (70.59) | 0.1268 |
| No | 67 (50.76) | 65 (49.24) | 105 (48.61) | 111 (51.39) | ||
| Previous stroke | ||||||
| Yes | 15 (34.88) | 28 (65.12) | 0.0318* | 33 (45.83) | 39 (54.17) | 0.7783 |
| No | 56 (54.37) | 47 (45.63) | 77 (47.83) | 84 (52.17) | ||
| Previous TIA | ||||||
| Yes | 10 (50.00) | 10 (51.590 | 0.895 | 18 (85.71) | 3 (14.29) | 0.0002* |
| No | 61 (48.410 | 65 (51.59) | 92 (43.40) | 120 (56.60) | ||
| Congestive heart failure | ||||||
| Yes | 4 (33.33) | 8 (66.67) | 0.2684 | 8 (40.00) | 12 (60.00) | 0.4993 |
| No | 67 (50.00) | 67 (50.00) | 102 (47.89) | 111 (52.11) | ||
| Carotid artery stenosis | ||||||
| Yes | 0 (0.00) | 10 (100.00) | 0.0014* | 3 (30.00) | 7 (70.00) | 0.2651 |
| No | 71 (52.21) | 65 (47.79) | 107 (47.98) | 116 (47.98) | ||
| Peripheral vascular disease | ||||||
| Yes | 4 (33.33) | 8 (66.67) | 0.2684 | 5 (45.45) | 6 (54.55) | 0.9049 |
| No | 67 (50.00) | 67 (50.00) | 105 (47.30) | 117 (52.70) | ||
| Diabetes | ||||||
| Yes | 15 (38.46) | 24 (61.54) | 0.1378 | 28 (50.00) | 28 (50.00) | 0.6314 |
| No | 56 (52.34) | 51 (47.66) | 82 (46.33) | 95 (53.67) | ||
| Medication history: (%) | ||||||
| Antiplatelet | ||||||
| Yes | 27 (45.00) | 33 (55.00) | 0.4635 | 57 (61.29) | 36 (38.71) | 0.0005* |
| No | 44 (51.16) | 42 (48.84) | 53 (37.86) | 87 (62.14) | ||
| Antihypertensive | ||||||
| Yes | 43 (47.25) | 48 (52.75) | 0.6684 | 76 (53.15) | 67 (46.85) | 0.0221* |
| No | 28 (50.91) | 27 (49.09) | 34 (37.78) | 56 (62.22) | ||
| Cholesterol reducer medication | ||||||
| Yes | 21 (38.18) | 34 (61.82) | 0.0496* | 52 (59.09) | 36 (40.91) | 0.0047* |
| No | 50 (54.95) | 41 (45.05) | 58 (40.00) | 87 (60.00) | ||
| Diabetes medication | ||||||
| Yes | 15 (46.88) | 17 (53.13) | 0.8221 | 18 (48.65) | 19 (51.35) | 0.8485 |
| No | 56 (49.12) | 58 (50.88) | 92 (46.94) | 104 (53.06) | ||
| Initial NIH Stroke Scale | ||||||
| Group: (%) | ||||||
| 0–9 | 45 (45.00) | 55 (55.00) | 0.3637 | 17 (51.52) | 86 (57.33) | 0.2688 |
| 10–14 | 13 (61.90) | 8 (38.10) | 18 (56.25) | 16 (48.48) | ||
| 15–20 | 6 (42.86) | 8 (57.14) | 64 (42.67) | 14 (43.75) | ||
| 21–25 | 7 (63.64) | 4 (36.36) | 11 (61.11) | 7 (38.89) | ||
| Mean ± SD | 8.99 ± 6.35 | 6.95 ± 6.05 | 0.0488* | 9.69 ± 6.39 | 7.41 ± 6.53 | 0.0076* |
| Risk of mortality GWTG | ||||||
| Mean ± SD | 4.18 ± 4.4 | 3.36 ± 3.81 | 0.2512 | 4.65 ± 4.43 | 3.84 ± 3.99 | 0.1769 |
| Initial exam findings: (%) | ||||||
| Weakness/paresis | ||||||
| Yes | 69 (53.08) | 61 (46.92) | 0.0022* | 105 (51.98) | 97 (48.02) | 0.0002* |
| No | 2 (12.50) | 14 (87.50) | 5 (16.13) | 26 (83.87) | ||
| Altered level of consciousness | ||||||
| Yes | 14 (38.89) | 22 (61.11) | 0.1779 | 30 (42.25) | 41 (57.75) | 0.3157 |
| No | 57 (51.82 | 53 (48.18) | 80 (49.38) | 82 (50.62) | ||
| Aphasia/language disturbance | ||||||
| Yes | 43 (51.19) | 41 (48.81) | 0.4712 | 74 (47.13) | 83 (52.87) | 0.9732 |
| No | 28 (45.16) | 34 (54.84) | 36 (47.37) | 40 (52.63) | ||
| Location of treatment: (%) | ||||||
| Specialized stroke unit | 0 | 1 (100.00) | 0.4823 | 1 (33.33) | 2 (66.67) | 0.7267 |
| Nonspecialized stroke unit | 30 (52.63) | 27 (47.37) | 45 (50.00) | 45 (50.00) | ||
| Missing | 41 (46.59) | 47 (53.41) | 64 (45.71) | 76 (54.29) | ||
SD: standard deviation; TIA: transient ischemic attack; NIH: National Institutes of Health; GWTG: Get With The Guidelines.