Table 2.
The effect of combined magnesium and zinc supplementation on metabolic status in patients with T2DM and CHD
| Variables | Placebo group (n = 28) | Magnesium and zinc group (n = 27) | Difference in outcome measures between magnesium and zinc treatment groupsa | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Week 12 | Baseline | Week 12 | β (95% CI) | Pb | |
| Magnesium (mg/dL) | 1.84 ± 0.22 | 1.83 ± 0.25 | 1.94 ± 0.21 | 2.08 ± 0.22 | 0.15 (0.08, 0.22) | < 0.001 |
| Zinc (μg/dL) | 93.3 ± 24.8 | 95.8 ± 25.9 | 98.1 ± 22.5 | 116.5 ± 21.5 | 16.21 (11.98, 20.44) | < 0.001 |
| FPG (mg/dL) | 123.7 ± 31.4 | 128.4 ± 32.7 | 119.2 ± 38.0 | 115.6 ± 28.7 | −9.44 (−18.30, −0.57) | 0.03 |
| Insulin (μIU/mL) | 13.8 ± 4.5 | 13.9 ± 4.4 | 12.9 ± 5.1 | 11.7 ± 4.9 | −1.37 (−2.57, −0.18) | 0.02 |
| HOMA-IR | 4.2 ± 1.8 | 4.2 ± 1.7 | 3.7 ± 1.7 | 3.4 ± 1.8 | −0.36 (− 0.75, 0.02) | 0.06 |
| QUICKI | 0.31 ± 0.02 | 0.31 ± 0.02 | 0.32 ± 0.02 | 0.32 ± 0.02 | 0.006 (−0.002, 0.01) | 0.12 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 123.7 ± 50.7 | 124.9 ± 46.5 | 128.2 ± 55.7 | 134.6 ± 53.9 | 5.66 (−5.40, 16.73) | 0.30 |
| VLDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 24.7 ± 10.1 | 24.9 ± 9.3 | 25.6 ± 11.1 | 26.9 ± 10.8 | 1.10 (−1.08, 3.34) | 0.30 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 147.3 ± 35.3 | 145.6 ± 31.0 | 137.1 ± 28.3 | 140.7 ± 32.5 | 3.72 (−5.26, 12.71) | 0.41 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 77.2 ± 29.5 | 76.6 ± 26.5 | 70.8 ± 22.4 | 71.6 ± 25.7 | 0.13 (−8.32, 8.59) | 0.97 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 45.3 ± 7.7 | 43.9 ± 7.0 | 40.6 ± 8.4 | 42.1 ± 8.2 | 2.09 (0.05, 4.13) | 0.04 |
| Total−/HDL-cholesterol ratio | 3.3 ± 0.8 | 3.3 ± 0.7 | 3.4 ± 0.7 | 3.4 ± 0.8 | −0.06 (−0.30, 0.17) | 0.59 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 3.0 ± 1.0 | 3.2 ± 1.2 | 2.7 ± 1.7 | 2.1 ± 1.3 | −0.85 (−1.26, − 0.45) | < 0.001 |
| Total nitrite (μmol/L) | 49.8 ± 6.1 | 48.7 ± 6.1 | 43.7 ± 5.3 | 50.1 ± 6.5 | 5.13 (1.85, 8.41) | 0.003 |
| TAC (mmol/L) | 898.4 ± 168.4 | 894.9 ± 178.9 | 940.9 ± 107.2 | 976.8 ± 105.3 | 43.44 (3.39, 83.50) | 0.03 |
| GSH (μmol/L) | 508.3 ± 72.9 | 524.9 ± 95.3 | 556.8 ± 92.9 | 578.2 ± 56.3 | 29.49 (−8.83, 67.82) | 0.12 |
| MDA (μmol/L) | 2.2 ± 0.6 | 2.2 ± 0.5 | 1.9 ± 0.4 | 1.8 ± 0.4 | −0.15 (−0.32, 0.007) | 0.05 |
| BDI score | 19.7 ± 5.8 | 19.6 ± 5.7 | 21.7 ± 4.7 | 19.6 ± 4.9 | −1.66 (−3.32, −0.009) | 0.04 |
| BAI score | 15.7 ± 4.3 | 14.1 ± 4.8 | 17.0 ± 5.3 | 14.0 ± 5.1 | −1.30 (−2.43, −0.16) | 0.02 |
Data are mean ± SDs
BDI Beck Depression Inventory, BAI Beck Anxiety Inventory, CHD coronary heart disease, FPG fasting plasma glucose, GSH total glutathione, HOMA-IR homeostasis model of assessment-estimated insulin resistance, CRP C-reactive protein, MDA malondialdehyde, QUICKI quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, T2DM type 2 diabetes, TAC total antioxidant capacity
a”Outcome measures” refers to the change in values of measures of interest between baseline and week 12. β [difference in the mean outcome’s measures between treatment groups (magnesium and zinc group = 1 and placebo group = 0)]
bObtained from multiple regression model (adjusted for baseline values of each biochemical variables)