Fig. 8.

Mice experiment by gavage with ammonium and urea. a Schematic representation of the mice experiments. b Based on the Euclidean distance calculated from the relative abundances of several MM-enriched bacteria, experiments with PCoA show that these bacteria changed in NH₄Cl and urea mice between week -1 and week 0. c, d Lines in gray, in pink, and in orange denote the serum lgG2b concentrations (c) and the tumor fluorescence intensity (d) in NaCl, NH₄Cl, and urea mice, respectively. e Live imaging of all recipient mice. f, g At week 6, the concentrations of serum urea (f) and NH₄⁺ (g) in NaCl, NH₄Cl, and urea mice, respectively. h, i At week 6, the activities of cecal urease (h) and glutamine synthase (i) in NaCl, NH₄Cl, and Urea mice, respectively. j, k At week 6, the concentrations of cecal glutamine (j) and glutamic acid (k) in NaCl, NH₄Cl, and urea mice, respectively. l, m At week 6, the concentrations of serum glutamine (l) and glutamic acid (m) in NaCl, NH₄Cl, and Urea mice, respectively. P value was determined by using two-tailed unpaired t test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001