Figure 4.

DPO4 folding in bulk and with repulsive crowders. (A) Heat capacity curves of DPO4. Inset shows the folding temperature T_f changes with different concentrations of repulsive crowders Φ_C. (B) 1D free energy landscapes along Q(total) under with different concentrations of repulsive crowders at the folding temperature of bulk condition $\left(T_{\text{f}}^{\text{bulk}}\right)$. (C) The relative change of the differences in free energy (top), energy (middle), and entropy (bottom) for different folding states of DPO4 to that in bulk along with the different concentrations of repulsive crowders. (D–G) TCI for DPO4 folding with different concentrations of repulsive crowders. (H–K) Structural characterizations of the folding states during DPO4 folding process with different concentrations of repulsive crowders.