Table 5. Serologic and molecular detection of vectorborne pathogens in dogs in study of ectoparasites and vectorborne zoonotic pathogens of dogs and cats, Asia, 2017–2018*.
| Country | Detection frequency, % |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ehrlichia canis, Ab | Anaplasma platys, Ab | Dirofilaria immitis, Ag, PCR, Ag + PCR | Hepatozoon canis, PCR | Babesia gibsoni, PCR | |
| Overall | 14.8 (12.9–16.9) | 7.1 (5.8–8.7) | 3.5 (2.6–4.6), 2.3 (1.58–3.3), 3.9 (3.0–5.1) | 1.6 (1.1–2.5) | 1.0 (0.6–1.7) |
| China | 1.9 (1–3.5) | 0.2 (−1.2) | 0 | 0.8 (0.3–2.1) | 2.3 (1.3–4.0) |
| Indonesia | 36.2 (27.2–46.2) | 11.7 (6.7–19.7) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Malaysia | 11.1 (4.8–23.5) | 11.1 (4.8–23.5) | 6.7 (2.3–17.7), 6.7 (2.3–17.7), 6.7 (2.3–17.9) | 2.2 (0.4–11.6) | 0 |
| Philippines | 33.0 (25.0–42.2) | 17 (11.1–25.0) | 17.9 (11.9–26.0), 13.6 (8.27–21.5), 29.8 (21.9–39.2) | 9.7 (5.4–17.0) | 0 |
| Singapore | 5.3 (2.4–11.0) | 2.6 (0.9–7.4) | 2.6 (0.9–7.4) | 0 | 0.9 (0.1–4.7) |
| Taiwan | 1.5 (0.42–5.4) | 3 (1.2–7.5) | 8.3 (4.7–14.3), 4.8 (2.07–10.8), 13.2 (8.0–21.0) | 0 | 0 |
| Thailand | 45 (36.4–53.9) | 24.2 (17.4–32.5) | 4.2 (1.8–9.5), 4.2 (1.8–9.4), 5.8 (2.8–11.5) | 3.3 (1.3–8.3) | 0 |
| Vietnam | 25.8 (18.8–34.3) | 13.3 (8.4–20.6) | 0, 0.8 (0.1–4.6), 0.8 (0.1–4.6) | 0.8 (0.1–4.6) | 0 |
*Leishmania spp., Borrelia spp., and Brugia spp. not shown. Ab, antibodies; Ag, antigens; PCR samples positive by PCR-coupled Sanger sequencing.