Table 4.

Adjusted associations of vitamin D biomarkers with venous calcification (i.e. proportion with any calcification)

Vitamin D metabolite	Tertile	Model 1a (n = 519)		Model 2b (n = 505)
		OR (95% CI)	p value	OR (95% CI)	p value
1,25(OH)2D, pm/mL	> 20.49	Ref.	.91	Ref.	.75
	8.48–20.49	0.99 (0.52–1.92)		0.87 (0.44–1.73)
	< 8.48	0.87 (0.43–1.76)		0.74 (0.35–1.60)
25(OH)D, ng/mL	> 30	Ref.	.82	Ref.	.70
	20–30	1.21 (0.63–2.35)		1 (0.50–2.02)
	< 20	1.01 (0.51–2.03)		0.75 (0.35–1.63)
Bioavailable 25(OH)D, ng/mL	> 2.95	Ref.c	.40	Ref.d	.48
	1.67–2.95	1.02 (0.52–2.00)		0.91 (0.45–1.83)
	< 1.67	1.58 (0.76–3.29)		1.42 (0.65–3.10)
24,25(OH)2D3, ng/mL	> 0.44	Ref.	.64	Ref.	.43
	0.18–0.44	0.72 (0.36–1.44)		0.63 (0.31–1.30)
	< 0.18	0.89 (0.43–1.83)		0.89 (0.42–1.89)

OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval.

^aModel 1 adjusted for age, sex, and black race.

^bModel 2 adds adjustment for body mass index, maintenance dialysis status, previous diabetes, education, systolic blood pressure, smoking status, and use of calcitriol, paricalcitol, and vitamin D supplementation.

^cn = 402 overall.

^dn = 390 overall.