Figure 4. Hepatic glucose and glycogen fluxes between +15 minutes and +360 minutes of the preclamp period.

Rates of gluconeogenesis (GNG), glycogen phosphorylase flux (GP), glycogen cycling (Cycling), and net glycogenolysis (GLYnet) were assessed using in vivo ¹³C/³¹P/¹H and ex vivo ²H-MRS combined with ²H₂O/acetaminophen ingestion in humans after canola oil (OIL, blue) or water (vehicle, [VCL], gray) administration. Data are shown as mean ± SEM; cross-over test, n = 16; GP and cycling n = 15. *P < 0.05 vs. CON.