Fig. 5.

—Influence of the population size (A, B) and the heterozygous effect (C, D) on the minimum size of piRNA clusters. (A, C) Each dot represents the outcome of a single simulation with randomly chosen cluster sizes, population sizes ($200-20,000$), or heterozygous effects of TEs (dom dominant, add additive, rec recessive). Dashed lines indicate the size of piRNA clusters in Drosophila melanogaster (3%). Random numbers are used for the y-axis. (B, D) The 50 largest clusters of extinct populations. Significance was estimated with Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. *** P < 0.001.