Table 1. Rotavirus cost-effectiveness model input parameter values, distribution range, and vaccines used in uncertainty and sensitivity analyses.
All costs are presented in 2019 US$.
| INPUT | VALUE [RANGE*] | DISTRIBUTION | REFERENCE |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rotavirus Mortality | |||
| Baseline cumulative national rotavirus mortality rate among children over the first five years of life (deaths/1,000 live births) | 6.55 [5.35–8.30] | Lognormal (annual mean rate = 1.3, SD = 1.98) | Mean [3,23] |
| Cumulative Age Distribution | [24] | ||
| <3 months | 3.0% | NA | |
| <6 months | 15.8% | NA | |
| <12 months | 57.6% | NA | |
| <24 months | 96.6% | NA | |
| <60 months | 100% | NA | |
| Risk Factors for Mortality | [6] | ||
| Oral rehydration treatment | 93% effective | Binary, NA | [25] |
| Undernourished | Relative risk | 1–12.5, NA | [26] |
| RV Vaccine—Efficacy | |||
| Full Course (2 & 3 doses): Years 1–2 | 46.1% [29.1%– 59.1%] | Beta (alpha = 19.3, beta = 22.4) | [27,28] |
| Single dose reduced efficacy 2 dose | 50% [38%– 63%] | Beta (alpha = 51.7, beta = 51.7) | Assumption |
| Single dose reduced efficacy 3 dose | 33% [25%– 41%] | Beta (alpha = 76.1, beta = 153.4) | Assumption |
| Reduced efficacy in years 3–5 | 20% [0–40%] | Beta (alpha = 7.5, beta = 27.2) | Assumption |
| Vaccination | |||
| DPT dose coverage (by subgroup) | Varied by region and quintile | NA | [6] |
| Vaccination timing (by subgroup) | Varied by region | NA | [6] |
| Medical Costs | |||
| Mean medical cost per child (2019 US$) | $5.29 | NA | [29] |
| Outpatient cost of illness | $6.80 [$5.02-$9.33] | Lognormal (SD = 1.1) | |
| Inpatient cost of illness | $57.61 [$42.57-$79.06] | Lognormal (SD = 20.8) | |
| Healthcare utilization by subgroup for relative medical costs | [6] | ||
| Pharmacy | $0.64 | Binary, NA | [30] |
| Healer | $0.64 | Binary, NA | [30] |
| Public (inpatient) | $71.00 | Binary, NA | 4 day stay [31,32] |
| Public (outpatient, rural) | $3.27 | Binary, NA | [31,32] |
| Public (outpatient, urban) | $4.65 | Binary, NA | [31,32] |
| Private (inpatient) | $91.55 | Binary, NA | 4 day stay [31,32] |
| Private (outpatient, rural) | $4.61 | Binary, NA | [31,32] |
| Private (outpatient, urban) | $6.55 | Binary, NA | [31,32] |
| Vaccine Costs | |||
| Vaccine Price (per dose cost) | |||
| General Vaccine | $1.08 [$0.85–$1.55] | Lognormal (SD = 0.14) | Assumption, [18] |
| ROTAVAC | $0.85 [$0.64–$1.40] | Lognormal (SD = 0.14) | [18] |
| ROTASIIL | $0.95 [$0.71–$1.55] | Lognormal (SD = 0.13) | [18] |
| ROTARIX | $2.29 [$1.72–$3.78] | Lognormal (SD = 0.39) | [18] |
| ROTAVAC 5D | $1.14 [$0.85–$1.58] | Lognormal (SD = 0.15) | [18] |
| ROTASIIL LQ | $1.55 [$0.95–$2.00] | Lognormal (SD = 0.25) | [18] |
| Administration (2019 US$) | $1.47 [$0.75–$2.00] | Lognormal (SD = 0.39) | [33] |
| Wastage | |||
| General Vaccine | 11% [4%-23%] | Beta (alpha = 9.3, beta = 68.3) | Assumption, [18] |
| ROTAVAC | 23% [10%-41%] | Beta (alpha = 11.8, beta = 37.2) | [18] |
| ROTASIIL | 10% [4%-14%] | Beta (alpha = 31.6, beta = 267.8) | [18] |
| ROTARIX | 4% [3%-7%] | Beta (alpha = 22.4, beta = 514.2) | [18] |
| ROTAVAC 5D | 10% [4%-14%] | Beta (alpha = 31.6, beta = 267.8) | [18] |
| ROTASIIL LQ | 4% [3%-7%] | Beta (alpha = 22.4, beta = 514.2) | [18] |
*Range of values explored in one-way sensitivity analysis. ‘NA’ indicates parameters that were not varied in sensitivity or uncertainty analyses.