Table 4. Logistic regression results with effects of predictive determinants on key risk and immunization dependent variables for 1-year-olds from the 2013 NDHS.
| DEPENDENT VARIABLES | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DPT 2 (N = 5810) | DPT 2 (N = 5810) | DPT 3 (N = 5810) | DPT2 On Time (N = 1477) | Moderate to Severe Underweight (N = 5754) | Received ORT (N = 948) | Sought Treatment (N = 954) | ||||||||
| DETERMINANTS | Coverage | Logit (df = 816) | Coverage | Logit (df = 816) | Coverage | Logit (df = 816) | Proportion | Logit (df = 504) | Proportion | Logit (df = 816) | Proportion | Logit (df = 385) | Proportion | Logit (df = 385) |
| % (SE) | OR (CI) | % (SE) | OR (CI) | % (SE) | OR (CI) | % (SE) | OR (CI) | % (SE) | OR (CI) | % (SE) | OR (CI) | % (SE) | OR (CI) | |
| Sex | ||||||||||||||
| Male | 52.3 (1.4) | 1.0 | 47.2 (1.4) | 1.0 | 39.9 (1.3) | 1.0 | 64.8 (2.3) | 1.0 | 37.9 (1.1) | 1.0 | 40.6 (2.8) | 1.0 | 72.1 (2.7) | 1.0 |
| Female | 48.8 (1.5) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.0) | 44.1 (1.5) | 0.9 (0.8, 1.1) | 37.4 (1.4) | 0.9 (0.8, 1.1) | 65.8 (2.3) | 1.0 (0.7, 1.3) | 35.1 (1.1) | 0.9 (0.8, 1.0)* | 42.7 (3.1) | 1.1 (0.8, 1.6) | 70.8 (2.8) | 0.9 (0.6, 1.3) |
| Wealth | ||||||||||||||
| Poorest | 21.2 (1.7) | 1.0 | 16.8 (1.6) | 1.0 | 11.1 (1.3) | 1.0 | 45.9 (6.0) | 1.0 | 44.6 (1.8) | 1.0 | 28.8 (3.8) | 1.0 | 69.6 (3.7) | 1.0 |
| Poorer | 29.6 (2.0) | 1.4 (1.1, 1.8)* | 24.9 (1.8) | 1.4 (1.1, 1.9)* | 19.0 (1.6) | 1.6 (1.2, 2.2)* | 53.4 (5.5) | 1.2 (0.6, 2.2) | 44.5 (1.8) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.2) | 39.6 (4.9) | 1.5 (0.9, 2.6) | 74.2 (4.0) | 1.5 (0.9, 2.6) |
| Middle | 50.7 (2.3) | 2.0 (1.5, 2.6)* | 44.6 (2.3) | 2.0 (1.5, 2.7)* | 36.2 (2.1) | 2.3 (1.7, 3.1)* | 54.2 (3.9) | 1.0 (0.6, 1.9) | 35.3 (1.9) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.1) | 41.8 (4.1) | 1.5 (0.9, 2.5) | 73.3 (3.6) | 1.4 (0.8, 2.5) |
| Richer | 74.2 (2.1) | 3.2 (2.3, 4.5)* | 67.7 (2.1) | 2.9 (2.1, 4.1)* | 59.1 (2.1) | 3.4 (2.4, 4.8)* | 62.6 (3.0) | 1.3 (0.7, 2.4) | 30.0 (1.9) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.2) | 54.3 (5.6) | 2.2 (1.1, 4.1)* | 71.0 (5.5) | 1.4 (0.7, 2.9) |
| Richest | 90.0 (1.2) | 6.3 (4.1, 9.7)* | 86.8 (1.3) | 5.9 (3.9, 8.9)* | 79.6 (1.6) | 6.2 (4.2, 9.3)* | 77.5 (2.4) | 2.5 (1.3, 5.0)* | 25.3 (1.7) | 0.8 (0.6, 1.2) | 63.8 (5.4) | 2.8 (1.2, 6.3)* | 66.2 (7.4) | 1.5 (0.6, 3.8) |
| Maternal education | ||||||||||||||
| No education | 20.7 (1.3) | 1.0 | 17.0 (1.2) | 1.0 | 12.2 (1.1) | 1.0 | 48.4 (4.2) | 1.0 | 46.9 (1.2) | 1.0 | 35.8 (2.7) | 1.0 | 71.4 (2.8) | 1.0 |
| Primary | 61.9 (1.9) | 2.7 (2.1, 3.5)* | 52.9 (2.1) | 2.2 (1.7, 2.9)* | 40.8 (2.0) | 1.9 (1.5, 2.5)* | 57.8 (3.4) | 1.1 (0.7, 1.8) | 33.6 (1.7) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.1) | 42.4 (4.2) | 1.0 (0.6, 1.6) | 73.1 (4.2) | 1.2 (0.7, 1.9) |
| Secondary or higher | 86.0 (1.0) | 5.2 (3.9, 6.9)* | 81.6 (1.2) | 4.7 (3.5, 6.2)* | 74.1 (1.3) | 4.5 (3.3, 5.9)* | 70.9 (1.9) | 1.5 (1.0, 2.3) | 23.7 (1.2) | 0.6 (0.5, 0.8)* | 52.4 (4.2) | 1.2 (0.7, 2.2) | 70.5 (4.4) | 1.2 (0.6, 2.4) |
| Region | ||||||||||||||
| North Central | 61.9 (2.8) | 1.0 | 55.0 (2.8) | 1.0 | 44.2 (3.0) | 1.0 | 59.6 (4.4) | 1.0 | 26.3 (2.4) | 1.0 | 38.6 (5.9) | 1.0 | 81.9 (4.0) | 1.0 |
| North East | 34.3 (2.6) | 0.5 (0.4, 0.7)* | 28.3 (2.4) | 0.5 (0.4, 0.7)* | 21.5 (2.1) | 0.5 (0.4, 0.7)* | 46.2 (4.2) | 0.6 (0.4, 1.1) | 40.0 (1.9) | 1.6 (1.2, 2.1)* | 38.0 (3.5) | 1.1 (0.6, 2.1) | 77.5 (2.6) | 0.9 (0.5, 1.6) |
| North West | 22.2 (1.8) | 0.3 (0.2, 0.4)* | 18.0 (1.7) | 0.3 (0.2, 0.4)* | 14.0 (1.5) | 0.3 (0.2, 0.5)* | 67.5 (4.8) | 1.3 (0.7, 2.4) | 51.1 (1.5) | 2.5 (1.9, 3.3)* | 40.3 (4.1) | 1.2 (0.6, 2.2) | 66.8 (3.9) | 0.5 (0.3, 1.0)* |
| South East | 89.5 (1.9) | 2.4 (1.5, 3.8)* | 87.6 (2.0) | 2.6 (1.7, 4.0)* | 81.8 (2.3) | 2.8 (2.0, 4.0)* | 74.4 (3.3) | 1.4 (0.8, 2.3) | 20.4 (2.1) | 0.8 (0.6, 1.2) | 43.0 (6.2) | 0.8 (0.4, 1.7) | 63.7 (7.7) | 0.4 (0.1, 0.9)* |
| South South | 85.3 (2.2) | 1.6 (1.1, 2.4)* | 80.3 (2.5) | 1.6 (1.1, 2.2)* | 71.0 (2.7) | 1.5 (1.1, 2.1)* | 66.5 (3.7) | 1.0 (0.6, 1.6) | 18.3 (1.8) | 0.8 (0.5, 1.0) | 57.2 (7.8) | 1.7 (0.8, 4.0) | 77.8 (7.7) | 0.7 (0.2, 2.0) |
| South West | 81.7 (2.4) | 1.0 (0.6, 1.4) | 76.4 (2.5) | 0.9 (0.6, 1.3) | 66.0 (2.7) | 0.8 (0.6, 1.1) | 67.4 (3.4) | 0.7 (0.4, 1.1) | 29.2 (2.0) | 1.3 (1.0, 1.8) | 56.2 (6.9) | 1.0 (0.5, 2.1) | 55.1 (9.9) | 0.2 (0.1, 0.7)* |
| Setting | ||||||||||||||
| Urban | 73.9 (1.8) | 1.0 | 70.0 (1.8) | 1.0 | 62.7 (1.9) | 1.0 | 73.6 (2.0) | 1.0 | 30.9 (1.3) | 1.0 | 54.5 (3.2) | 1.0 | 68.2 (3.7) | 1.0 |
| Rural | 37.6 (1.5) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.2) | 32.1 (1.4) | 0.8 (0.6, 1.0)* | 25.3 (1.3) | 0.8 (0.6, 0.9)* | 53.2 (2.6) | 0.6 (0.4, 0.8)* | 39.8 (1.1) | 0.9 (0.8, 1.1) | 35.5 (2.7) | 0.7 (0.4, 1.0) | 73.0 (2.4) | 1.1 (0.7, 1.9) |
| Constant | - | 0.4 (0.3, 0.7)* | - | 0.4 (0.3, 0.6)* | - | 0.2 (0.1, 0.3)* | - | 1.2 (0.6, 2.7) | - | 0.5 (0.4, 0.8)* | - | 0.5 (0.2, 1.2) | - | 2.9 (1.3, 6.8)* |
Estimates include summary means and standard errors (SE) for each determinant category and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) in parentheses and significant results (alpha less than or equal to 0.05) denoted by asterisks (*). Risk variables include being moderately-to-severely underweight, defined as less than -2 standard deviations below median weight-for-age of reference populations, receiving oral rehydration treatment (ORT), either oral rehydration solution or recommended home solution, for a bout of diarrhea that occurred within 2 weeks of the 2013 NDHS. Immunization variables include receiving one, two, or three doses of DPT and receiving the second dose of DPT on time.