Fig 4. Pharmacological modulators of autophagy uniformly increase DENV-2 and CHIKV titers in Aag2 cells.

Aedes aegypti Aag2 cells were infected with A) DENV-2 or B) CHIKV followed by chemical treatment (1% DMSO, 1 μM bafilomycin A1, 1 μM torin-1 or 10 μM spautin-1). Samples were collected for titration 24 and 48 hpi for DENV-2 and CHIKV. Data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA with a Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test. (*) p<0.05, (**) p<0.01, (***) p<0.001.