Table 2.

Disease characteristics by HDAS status at each visit

Disease parameter	Descriptive statistics by HDAS visit status		Association of being in HDAS with disease parameter
	Non-HDAS visit (n=4939)	HDAS visit (n=741)	OR‡ (95% CI; p value)
PGA in highest quartile (PGA >1)	459 (9.3)	421 (56.8)	8.1 (6.1 to 10.8; <0.001)
SFI flare status
Mild/moderate flare	771 (15.6)	307 (41.4)	4.4 (3.5 to 5.4; <0.001)
Severe flare	171 (3.5)	290 (39.1)	17.2 (13.6 to 21.6; <0.001)
Immunomodulatory medications being taken at time of visit*
Hydroxychloroquine	4235 (85.8)	642 (86.6)	1.0 (0.8 to 1.2; 0.963)
Immunosuppressant†	3094 (62.6)	597 (80.6)	0.9 (0.8 to 1.0; 0.083)
Prednisolone	2962 (60.0)	651 (87.9)	1.3 (1.1 to 1.5; 0.003)
Prednisolone dose >7.5 mg/day	1114 (22.6)	508 (68.6)	2.5 (2.0 to 3.1; <0.001)

*Restricted to medications taken by ≥10% of patients.

†Including methotrexate, azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, leflunomide, cyclophosphamide and mycophenolate.

‡OR calculated using penalised maximum-likelihood logistic regression. Interpret OR with caution given rareness of event.

HDAS, high disease activity state; PGA, Physician Global Assessment; SFI, SELENA flare index.