Table 5.
Bivariate logistic regression analysis of factors associated with death during admission to hospital
| Univariable OR (95% CI) | p value | Multivariable OR (95% CI) | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 0·99 (0·97–1·01) | 0·44 | .. | .. | |
| Male sex (vs female) | 3·86 (1·80–8·25) | 0·0005 | 3·86 (1·57–9·50) | 0·0033 | |
| Comorbidity | 0·56 (0·28–1·12) | 0·10 | .. | .. | |
| White blood cell count, × 109 cells per L | |||||
| <4 | 1·53 (0·65–3·64) | 0·33 | .. | .. | |
| 4–10 | 1 (ref) | .. | .. | .. | |
| >10 | 8·59 (3·33–22·18) | <0·0001 | .. | .. | |
| Lymphocytes, × 109 cells per L | |||||
| ≥1 | 1 (ref) | .. | .. | .. | |
| <1 | 4·46 (2·00–9·97) | 0·0003 | .. | .. | |
| NLR | |||||
| ≤4 | 1 (ref) | .. | .. | .. | |
| >4 | 7·24 (3·13–16·75) | <0·0001 | .. | .. | |
| Platelets, × 109 cells per L | |||||
| ≥100 | 1 (ref) | .. | .. | .. | |
| <100 | 2·67 (1·08–6·59) | 0·033 | .. | .. | |
| Creatinine, μmol/L | |||||
| ≤133 | 1 (ref) | .. | .. | .. | |
| >133 | 4·68 (1·42–15·38) | 0·011 | .. | .. | |
| Lactate dehydrogenase, U/L | |||||
| ≤245 | 1 (ref) | .. | .. | .. | |
| >245 | 2·80 (1·18–6·60) | 0·019 | .. | .. | |
| Creatine kinase, U/L | |||||
| ≤185 | 1 (ref) | .. | .. | .. | |
| >185 | 3·49 (1·33–9·14) | 0·011 | .. | .. | |
| D-dimer, μg/L | |||||
| ≤0·5 | 1 (ref) | .. | .. | .. | |
| >0·5 | 20·48 (2·73–153·67) | 0·0033 | .. | .. | |
| C-reactive protein, mg/L | |||||
| ≤10 | 1 (ref) | .. | .. | .. | |
| >10 | 16·41 (3·81–70·60) | 0·0002 | .. | .. | |
| Interleukin-6, pg/mL* | 1·00 (0·98–1·01) | 0·52 | .. | .. | |
| Receiving chemotherapy (vs not receiving)† | 6·51 (2·78–15·28) | <0·0001 | 3·51 (1·16–10·59) | 0·026 | |
| Receiving targeted therapy (vs not receiving)† | 5·07 (1·52–16·87) | 0·0081 | .. | .. | |
| Radiotherapy (vs not receiving)† | 2·29 (0·54–9·66) | 0·26 | .. | .. | |
| Cancer stage | |||||
| I–II | 1 (ref) | .. | .. | .. | |
| III–IV | 3·38 (1·33–8·59) | 0·011 | .. | .. | |
| Time since cancer diagnosis | |||||
| <1 year | 7·10 (2·45–20·52) | 0·0003 | 2·89 (0·78–10·76) | 0·11 | |
| 1–5 years | 3·30 (1·21–8·96) | 0·019 | 1·85 (0·63–5·42) | 0·26 | |
| >5 years | 1 (ref) | .. | 1 (ref) | .. | |
| Cancer type | |||||
| Solid tumour | 1 (ref) | .. | 1 (ref) | .. | |
| Haematological malignancy | 3·39 (1·33–8·63) | 0·010 | 2·07 (0·68–6·35) | 0·20 | |
| ECOG score | |||||
| 0 | 1 (ref) | .. | .. | .. | |
| 1 | 1·29 (0·50–3·29) | 0·60 | .. | .. | |
| 2 | 1·77 (0·43–7·26) | 0·43 | .. | .. | |
| 3 | 3·98 (0·81–19·53) | 0·088 | .. | .. | |
| 4 | .. | 1·00 | .. | .. | |
| Hospital admission before Feb 13, 2020‡ | |||||
| Yes | 8·07 (2·75–23·70) | 0·0001 | .. | .. | |
| No | 1 (ref) | .. | .. | .. | |
OR=odds ratio. NLR=neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio. ECOG=Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group.
*
For each additional unit.
†
Receiving treatment within 4 weeks before symptom onset.
‡
Hospital admission before Feb 13, 2020, is used as a factor to represent the time period of the COVID-19 pandemic.