Figure 4. Infectivity to mosquitoes.

Successful transmission was defined as at least 1 oocyst-positive mosquito as determined by 18S qPCR. Mosquito infection rate is reported as prevalence of infection (percentage of mosquitoes infected per feeding assay). (A) Prevalence of mosquito infection in all feeding assays in Study 2 at each time point (n = 113). (B) Prevalence of mosquito infection in successful feeding assays, by feeding assay type (n = 37). Groups compared by Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s multiple comparison test. (C) The gametocytemia for participant samples that were infectious compared with samples that were noninfectious (n = 54). Groups compared by Mann-Whitney test. Box plots indicate the median and whiskers show the minimum and maximum. (D) Representative image from of a P. vivax liver-stage schizont stained with UIS4 and Hoechst33342 following incubation of sporozoites with HC-04 culture for 7 days (left, white channel, Hoechst33342; middle, red channel, Alexa Fluor 488–conjugated UIS4 antibody; right, merge). Image taken at ×40 magnification. Scale bar: 20 μm. Sporozoites were obtained by feeding mosquitoes on enriched gametocytes collected on day 10 from participants in cohort 3 (Supplemental Material).