Skip to main content
. 2020 May 4;130(6):2806–2808. doi: 10.1172/JCI136872

Figure 1. Possible mechanisms of improved persistence in CD28-YMFM–costimulatory CAR-T cells.

Figure 1

Signaling pathways proposed by Guedan and colleagues (21) suggest that second-generation CARs with costimulatory domains containing a single amino acid substitution YMNM (yellow) or YMFM (blue) differentially interact with VAV1/Grb2. CD28-YMNM CAR T cells show increased activation (++) and additive activation (+++) from multiple pathways. CD28-YMFM CAR-T cells show decreased NFAT activation, IL-2 production, calcium release, with T cell persistence.