. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jun 5.

Published in final edited form as: Pharmacogenomics J. 2019 Dec 5;20(3):462–470. doi: 10.1038/s41397-019-0125-x

Table.

Mendelian randomization (MR) estimators for the bidirectional association between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and statin-induced LDL-C response

	Number of instruments	F-statistic, median (25^th, 75^th percentile)	Estimate (IVW method, 95% CI)	Sensitivity analyses			Tests of heterogeneity
	Number of instruments	F-statistic, median (25^th, 75^th percentile)	Estimate (IVW method, 95% CI)	Weighted mode estimate (95% CI)	Weighted median estimate (95% CI)	MR-Egger estimate (95% CI)	MR-Egger intercept (95% CI)	Cochrane’s Q (p-value)	Rucker’s Q’ (p-value)

Statin response ➔ T2D¹	35	18.1 (16.2, 20.9)	1.00 (0.97, 1.03)	0.99 (0.93, 1.04)	0.98 (0.94, 1.02)	0.99 (0.94, 1.04)	1.02 (0.92, 1.14)	31.0 (0.61)	31.0 (0.57)
Statin response ➔ T2D¹	4	73.1 (38.8, 120.3)	1.01 (0.93, 1.09)	0.98 (0.91, 1.05)	0.98 (0.91, 1.05)	0.91 (0.81, 1.01)	1.04 (1.01, 1.07)	3.4 (0.33)	0.2 (0.93)

T2D liability ➔ Statin response²	62	23.2 (16.3, 37.8)	0.20 (−0.40, 0.80)	0.11 (−0.95, 1.18)	0.03 (−0.97, 1.02)	0.62 (−0.55, 1.80)	−0.04 (−0.15, 0.06)	65.5 (0.32)	65.3 (0.30)
T2D liability ➔ Statin response²	24	44.8 (35.5, 70.7)	0.32 (−0.47, 1.12)	0.04 (−1.07, 1.14)	0.08 (−0.99, 1,15)	1.24 (−0.67, 3.15)	−0.12 (−0.36, 0.11)	32.4 (0.09)	32.3 (0.07)

IVW denotes inverse-variance weighted. The different MR estimators can be interpreted as

^1:

odds ratio for T2D per 10% increase in proportional statin response, and

^2:

the effect on proportional statin response (%) per doubling in the odds of liability to T2D, respectively. A positive statin response value corresponds to an increased LDL cholesterol lowering effect of statin therapy.