Table 2.

Summary of Mobile-Based Interventions for Anxiety or Depression in Older Adults

Study	Sample size	Population	Intervention(s)	Results
Spek et al. (2007)69	n = 301	Older adults with subthreshold depression	iCBT vs. group CBT vs. waitlist control	Participants in treatment conditions saw significantly greater improvements in depressive symptoms than those in the control condition No significant difference between the two treatment conditions
Zou et al. (2012)70	n = 22	Older adults with symptoms of GAD	iCBT for anxiety	Participants saw significant improvements in anxiety, stress, and depression symptoms
Dear et al. (2013)71	n = 20	Older adults with symptoms of depression	iCBT for depression	Participants saw significant improvements in depressive symptoms
Mewton et al. (2013)72	n = 225	Older adults prescribed iCBT by their primary care clinicians	iCBT for major depression, generalized anxiety, panic disorder, or social phobia	Participants saw significant reductions in psychological distress and disability
Brenes et al. (2015)73	n = 141	Rural older adults with GAD	Telephone-delivered CBT vs. telephone-delivered NDST	Participants who received telephone-delivered CBT saw greater improvements in anxiety and depressive symptoms than those receiving telephone-delivered NST
Titov et al. (2015)74	n = 54	Older adults with symptoms of depression	iCBT for depression vs. waitlist control	Compared to control group, treatment group had significantly lower levels of depression and anxiety symptoms at posttreatment and follow-ups
Titov et al. (2016)75	n = 433	Older adults with symptoms of anxiety and depression	Clinician-guided CBT vs. initial clinician interview plus self-guided iCBT vs. iCBT alone	Participants in all groups saw significant improvements in depression and anxiety symptoms No significant differences between groups
Jones et al. (2016)76	n = 46	Older adults with GAD	iCBT for anxiety vs. waitlist control	Compared to control group, treatment group had significantly lower levels of anxiety and depression at posttreatment and one-month follow-up
Wahbeh (2018)77	n = 50	Older adults with mild to moderate symptoms of depression	Internet-based mindfulness meditation vs. waitlist control	Participants who received internet-based mindfulness meditation saw greater improvements in depressive symptoms, perceived stress, insomnia symptoms, and pain severity than those in waitlist control condition

CBT, cognitive-behavioral therapy; GAD, generalized anxiety disorder; iCBT, internet-delivered CBT; NST, nondirective supportive therapy