Table 1.
Comparative View of Successful Aging Approaches
| Indicators Used for Successful Aging (Key Examples) |
Model 1: Successful Aging as Maintaining Subjective Well-being While Aging |
Model 2: Successful Aging as Achievement of Objective Criteria |
Model 3: Successful Aging as Fulfilment of Fundamental Norms/Values of a Good Life |
Model 4: Successful Aging as Using Efficient Adaptational Strategies |
Model 5 Successful Aging as What Older Adults Value as Important for Their Life |
Model 6: Successful Aging as Slowing or Abandoning Biological Aging |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Psychologically Oriented Indicators | High Well-being (Cognitive and Affective) | High Cognitive Functioning |
Ego-Integrity, Gero Transcendence, High Self-acceptance, High Autonomy, High Environmental Mastery, High Personal Growth, High Purpose in Life, |
Selective Optimization with Compensation (at the Psychological Level) | Positive Views on Life and Aging, High Well-being, High Life-Management Skills | – |
| Socially Oriented Indicators | High Satisfaction with Social Relations, Low Loneliness | High Social Engagement | Positive Social Relationships | Selective Optimization with Compensation (at the Social Level) | Highly Valued Social Relations | – |
| Bio-Physical Functioning Oriented Indicators | High Subjective Health, High Subjective Rating of Physical Functioning | Low Disease Occurrence / High Functional Ability | Highest Health Status Possible | Selective Optimization with Compensation (at the Physical Function Level) | Optimal Health, High Physical Functioning | Longer Lifespan, Slowed-down Biological Aging Processes, Reduced Disease Rate |
| Other Indicators | – | – | – | – | Good Financial Situation | – |