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. 2020 May 29;10:8754. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-65602-z

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Low-level increases in resistance develop after 20–30% MIC exposure. Fold change increase (relative to drug-free control) in MIC of ciprofloxacin (Cip) plotted against ciprofloxacin concentration treatment (as % MIC) after (a) 24 hr exposure and (b) 48 hr exposure. Error bars represent the standard deviation of the mean of 3 independent experiments. Experiments with no detectable cells were not included in calculation. A fold change of 1 indicates no change. A value of 0 indicates that there were no detectable cells from the initial treatment. The MIC of the drug-free control matched the MIC of WT parental cells.