Figure 1.

Experimental setup. (a) Diagram showing the 30 cm diameter hemisphere phased array with a coronal MRI of the rat head superimposed. The top of the head was partially submerged. A passive cavitation detector was placed near the bottom of the array. The geometric focus (green+) was approximately 1 cm below the target axial plane in the rat brain (red dotted line in inset). (b) Locations of the 36 individual sonication targets in each animal. These spots were targeted over four volumetric sonications, in which the phased array electronically steered the focus to nine targets. The circles indicate a 2.5 mm diameter region around each target that determined the extent of where BBB disruption was measured at the end of the experiments. (c) Map of the relative acoustic energy density delivered to the brain, calculated by summing intensity maps simulated for each sonication target.