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. 2020 May 29;10:8766. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-65617-6

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(a) Mean changes in MRI signal intensity in T1-weighted imaging after Gadavist injection for the four sonicated locations and the corresponding non-sonicated targets in the contralateral hemisphere for all rats and FUS sessions. The signal change was greater in the sonicated hemisphere in all but one of the sonicated locations. (b) Mean R1 relaxation time measured in these four locations. In every case, R1 was larger in the sonicated hemisphere. (c) Plot showing the change in signal enhancement in T1-weighted imaging as a function of the Gadavist concentration, which was estimated from the difference in R1 between the sonicated and non-sonicated hemispheres and the relaxivity of the contrast agent (4.44 s⁻¹· mM⁻¹). The solid line shows the results of a linear regression through zero (R²: 0.53). The dotted line shows the expected signal intensity change in this range of Gadavist concentrations, based on the equation for the signal intensity of a spin-echo sequence, the sequence parameters, and the R1 and R2 values of brain tissue. (***P < 0.001).