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. 2020 May 29;10:8802. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-65782-8

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Kefir peptides protect against endothelial dysfunction in HFD-induced atherosclerotic ApoE^−/− mice. (A) Western blot analysis was performed to detect endothelial markers, ET-1, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1, protein expressions in the aortic tissue of mice. (B) The histogram shows the quantitative densitometry data of the Western blot analysis determined by ImageJ system. Total α-tubulin was used as an internal quantitative control. (C) Serum markers for myocardial injury, creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALKP), were determined. Data are displayed as the mean ± SEM (n = 8). The statistical analysis was performed according to Duncan’s multiple-range method. The labels at the top of columns without the same letters indicate significant differences between groups (P < 0.05).