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. 2020 May 29;10:8802. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-65782-8

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effects of kefir peptides on adhesion of THP-1 monocytes to endothelial cells. (A) Flow chart of the experimental setting. (B) Representative fluorescent images showing CM-DiI-labeled THP-1 monocytes on HUVECs monolayer after 4 h incubation in oxLDL CM or Ctrl CM with or without kefir peptides (KPs, 100 μg/ml) followed by addition of red fluorescent CM-DiI labeled THP-1 monocytes. Pictures before (upper panel) and after (lower panel) DPBS wash are taken. (C) The histogram shows the quantification data of three independent adherent cells per high power field (HPF) after washing determined by ImageJ. Ctrl CM: conditioned medium from unstimulated THP-1 macrophages as a control. Scale bar: 200 μm. The statistical analysis was performed according to Duncan’s multiple-range method. The labels at the top of columns without the same letters indicate significant differences between groups (P < 0.05).