Fig. 2.

A Knee Osteoarthritis outcome scores before and after treatment with f-BMA. Data are presented as arithmetic mean with 95% confidence interval (N = 15). Statistical significance was determined by paired two-sided t-test, *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001. B A 34-year old female former handball player suffered from an osteochondral lesion of central trochlea femoris (i) 7 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (case MG01315M). The site of the lesion was debrided and covered with a bi-layered collagen-hydroxyapatite biomimetic scaffold combined with f-BMA (ii). MRI image taken 18 months after surgical repair shows complete reconstruction of the entire osteochondral unit (iii). A knee arthroscopy (performed at 12 months post-surgery due to a loosened ligament fixation device) demonstrated complete filling of the lesion with a repair tissue that was fully integrated to the surrounding cartilage (iv). ADL activities of daily living, KOOS knee osteoarthritis outcome score, QOL quality of life